Ý

ý-bogi, [ýr], a, m. a yew-tree bow, Gkv. 2. 18, Höfuðl.

-ýðgi, f. [-úðigr], mind, disposition; in compds, harð-ýðgi, grunn-ýðgi.

ý-drótt, f. ‘yew-men,’ bowmen, Lex. Poët.

ÝFA, ð, [úfr, úfinn], to open, rip up; ýfa sár, to open a sore, rip up a wound; hví skulu vér þá eigi fara ok ýfa þetta mál, Fas. ii. 489.

II. reflex. to be ripped up, also to be ruffled; synda undir ýfast mínar, Pass. 30. 7; þótti mér sá björninn er fyrir var ýfask mjök, to raise the bristles, Ísl. ii. 195.

2. metaph., tók heldr at ýfask með þeim frændum, their friendship became ruffled, troubled, Sturl. ii. 80: ýfask við e-n, to ‘bristle up at,’ to tease a person; ef hann vildi ýfask við Þorvald ok rægði hann fyrir honum, Fms. i. 145; ýfðisk mjök hugr hans við þat, vii. 2; Magnúss son hans ýfðisk mjök við Harald, 165; tóku þeir at ýfask við hann ok vildu eigi selja honum kvikfé eða vistir, Landn. 246; væri betra at þér heldu trausti vina yðvarra heldr en ýfask við þá, Fms. vi. 36.

III. in N.G.L. ii. 18. 155 (Js. 8). ýfði is v.l. to ylfa. q.v.

ýfinn, adj. ruffled, bristling: metaph. wroth, angry, óðr ok ýfinn, Fms. xi. 292.

ýfis-orð, n. pl. irritating words, taunts, Valla L. 221.

ýgis-hjálmr, m. = ægis-hjálmr, a helm of terror (see hjálmr 3), Ad. 4 (ygrs-hjálmr Cd. less correctly).

ýgjask, ð, to grow vicious, of a bull; er hann (the bull) tók at ýgjask, Eb. 118 new Ed. (ægjask v.l.)

ýgligr, adj. terrible, awful, Fms. xi. (in a verse).

ýgr, adj. fierce; ýgr, æfr ok íllr viðreignar, Fms. xi. 8; ýgr ofkúgi, vii. 114 (in a verse); ýgja menn, i. 179 (in a verse); griðung ýgjan, a vicious bull, Grág. ii. 122; mann-ýgr, q.v.

ýja, pret. úði, this is prob. the older form for úa, q.v. [vía may be a kindred word, vi = y]:

—to swarm; hvert vatn úði af fiskum, Eg. 134 (v.l.), and in mod. usage.

ÝKI, n. (mod. ýkjur, f. pl.), [auka III. β], ‘eking,’ exaggeration; lygiliga sagt eðr telr slikt með ýkjum, Al. 22.

2. a law term, aggravation; þat er ýki, ef maðr segir þat frá öðrum manni er ekki má vera ok görir þat til háðungar honum. Grág. ii. 147; engi skal ýki göra um annan eðr fjölmæli, N.G.L. i. 57.

3. með ýkjum, fabulously, Fas. iii. 332.

ÝLA, d, [Engl. howl; Germ. heulen; Dan. hyle], to howl, yelp, of dogs, wolves; hvelpa sína … þeir ýla, Al. 31; æpa ok ýla, Fb. ii. 25; ýldu þeir sem hundar eða vargar, Fms. vii. 192; tóku þeir at ýla at honum svá sem vargar, Sks. 112; svá sem hundar ýla, Fas. ii. 211; ýla upp allir mjök hátt, Þorf. Karl. (of the Indians); djöflarnir tóku at ýla, Post. 645. 60; hér er komin Grýla, hón er að urra og ýla, Snót.

ýla, u, f. a howl, Fms. i. 138.

ýlu-strá, n. a scrannel-pipe, whistle made of straw.

ýlda, u, f. [úldinn], decay, rottenness, stench, Fms. x. 379; daun ok ýldu, Fb. iii. 447.

ýlfra, að, to howl piteously.

ýlfran, f. a howling, wailing.

ýling, f. howling, Al. 31, Fb. i. 117.

Ýlir, m. the name of one of the ancient months, answering to December; Ýlir kemr annan dag viku, Rb. 1812. 72; the word is prob. related to Jól, q.v.

ýlun,† f. howling, Post. 426.

Ýma, u, f. the name of a giantess, Fas. iii. 482; better Íma, q.v.

Ýmir, m. the name of the huge giant of the Northern cosmogony, Vsp., Edda;

Ýmis-blóð, the blood of Y. = the sea;

Ýmis-hauss, the skull of Y., i.e. the heaven;

Ýmis-hold, the flesh of Y., i.e. the earth, Edda (in a verse), Gm., Vþm.;

Ýmis-niðjar, the giants, id.

ýmis-gjarn, adj. wayward, [cp. Dan. vægel-sindel], Hsm. 10. 3.

ýmis-leikr, m. fickleness, mutability, Stj. 53, 102, Fms. ii. 228.

ýmis-liga (ýmiss-liga), adv. = ýmist, Stj. 189.

ýmis-ligr (ýmiss-ligr), adj. various, diverse, Edda (pref.) 147, 159, Skálda 193, Fms. viii. 1, Sks. 2, Barl 53, Stj. 3, 93, passim: in mod. = sundry, tala um ýmisligt.

ÝMISS, a pronom. adj., esp. used in plur.; in Norwegian MSS. often spelt with í, ímiss, ímser, etc.; imisir, N.G.L. ii. 391. [This word is a compd, the latter part being the adverb miss or mis, for which see p. 430; the prefixed syllable ý answers to Goth. aiw- = unquam, ποτέ; O.H.G. eo, io; Germ. je; A.S. â; Engl. aye; Hel. io; Icel. æ; see Grimm’s Gramm. iii. 51];

α. hence the oldest form has a double ss, being uncontracted, ýmissir, acc. ýmissa, Stj.; ýmissum, Orkn. (in a verse), Skv. 3, 39; this uncontracted form still remains in the neut. ýmist.

β. afterwards it was contracted and turned into a regular participial adjective (see Gramm. p. xix); thus, ýmsir, ýmsar, ýmis, ýmsa, or even dat. ýmsum; acc. ýmsa, ýmsar, ýmis; in the contracted forms the vowel is sometimes sounded short (ymsir).

γ. a radical neut. pl. ýmsi, Edda 46. [Cp. Swed. ömse, ömsom, = alternately; ömsa = to shift.]

B. The Usages:

I.alternate = Lat. vicissim; hann kvað ýmissa (gen. pl.) vandræði mundu verða ef eigi réðisk bætr á, Íb. 8; mega ormar þar ýmsir meira ok ýmsir þar undan leggja, Merl. 2. 18 (of the two serpents); Hákon jarl ok Gunnhildar-synir börðusk um Noreg ok stukku ýmsir ór landi, Fms. i. 89; færðu ýmsir aðra niðr, ii. 269; höfðu ýmsir sigr, Yngl. S. ch. 4; lágu ýmsir undir, Fs. 42; ok létu þau ýmsi eptir, ok skrækti hvárt-tveggja við hátt, and gave way in turn, Edda 46; þau sátu í einu hásæti, Ólafr ok drottning, Dixin talaði við þau ýmsi, D. addressed them both (the king and the queen) in turn, Fms. x. 2, 6; ílaug hann á ýmsi lönd, Hkr. i. 24; herja á ýmsi lend, Fms. xi. 76, 89; hann falar til ýmissa vista, en ræðr enga, Lv. 57; þeir höfðu þar dvalizk í ýmsum höfnum, Eg. 93; hann seldi ymsum mönnum landnám sitt, Landn. 135; til ýmsa (= ýmissa) skalda, Þorst. Síðu 11. 172; með ýmsum píslum (v. 1. ýmissum), Post. (Unger) 33; Símon, … hafði ýmsa m. inna álit, 656 C. 26.

II. various; ganga þar ýmissar sagnir frá, Fms. ii. 105; fara … til ýmissa landa, i. II, 77, Fb. i. 525; Orkn. 42; kvikenda líki ýmissa, fugla eða orma, Clem. 133; fann hann til þess ýmissa hluti, Fms. ii. 295; í ýmissum stöðum, Stj. 113.

III. with another pronom. adj.; einn ok ýmiss, one and another, etc.; um eina staði ok ýmissa, Stj. 247; af einum ok ýmissim ágætum steinum, 204; unna einum nú ýmissum, Skv. 3. 39; komu siðan upp í einum ok ýmsum stöðum ok löndum, Stj.; margir ór ýmissum áttum, Orkn. (in a verse); af þeim báðum ok ýmissimi, Stj. 15; allir ok þú ýmsir, all and sundry, i.e. each in turn, Skv. 3. 41.

IV. proverbs; ýmsir eiga högg í annars garð, a saying, of dealing mutual blows; verða ýmsir brögðum fegnir, Fms. ix. 494 (in a verse); ýmsar verðr sá er margar ferr, Eg. (a saying).

V. neut. as adv.; ýmist hon hugði, Skv. 3. 14; er ýmist sagt hvárr Tarquinius eða son hans færi um nótt, Róm. 386; hann spurði, hví hafa munkar lága skúa ok rauðar hosur?—þeir svöruðu, ýmist tíðisk nú, Fms. viii. 358; hann görði ýmist, hjó eða lagði, thrust and smote alternately, or, now he thrust, now he smote, Nj. 8; Bolli var ýmist í Tungu eða at Helgafelli, Ld. 300; ýmist augum lítandi aptr eða fram, Mar.; með smáhringum ýmist hvítum eða svörtum, Stj. 80; ýmist Skota eðr Bretzkar aldir, Orkn. 90 (in a verse); ýmist út eða niðr, Nj. 104; kallaðr ýmist Dofrafóstri eða Lúfa, Fs. 16; hann rennir ýmist upp eða ofan, Fb. iii. 408; hann var ýmist at Borg eðr at Gilsbakka, Ísl. ii. 209.

ýr or yr, prep. = ór (q.v.), a freq. spelling in vellums; slík duga betr en springi yr, Skálda (Thorodd).

ÝR, m., gen. ýs, acc. dat. ý; [A. S, eow and iw; Engl. yew; O.H.G. íwa; Germ. eibe]:

—the yew-tree; menn kalla ý einn við, Skálda 171; ýs angr, the yew’s bale, i.e. fire, Ó.H. (in a verse). The ‘yew’ has, strange enough, been omitted from the list of trees in Edda ii. 482, 483.

2. the name of the Rune Y, see introduction.

3. metaph. [cp. Gr. ταξός = a yew and τόξον = a bow], a bow; yew-wood making good bows, hence the Old Engl. custom of planting yew-trees in church-yards to furnish bows for the parish; sveigja ý, to bend a bow, Höfuðl.; ýr dregsk, the bow is bent, Edda (lit.); ý bendum skutu, the shot from the bent bow, Hallgr.; ýs bifvangr, the bow’s shivering mansion, i.e. the hand, Kormak: as also

ý-setr and ý-stétt, the bow-seat—the hand:

ý-skelflr, the bow-shaker, i.e. an archer, Lex. Poët.:

ý-glöð, f. the ‘yew-glad,’ poét, the shaft, Edda ii. 494:

ý-bogi (q.v.), a yew-bow:

ý-dróg, the bow-string, poët.:

ý-drótt (q.v.), archers:

Ý-dalir, m. pl. Yew-dales, the home of the god Ullr, the great archer, Gm.

ýr, f. = úr, a drizzling rain:

a pr. name of a woman, Landn.

ýra, ð, [úr, n.], to drizzle; ýrðisk dögg á reifit, Stj. 397; það ýrir úr honum, it drizzles, rains:

the phrase, ýra e-u úr sér, to dole out; or, það ýrir í e-t, to glitter, like drops of dew; ýranda full, a brimful beaker, Ad. 6:

of the glittering particles in iron or other ore, ýrt járn, corned iron; in the saying, ýrt járn kvað kerling, átti kníf deigan.

ýra, u, f. a squirt; Ílluga ýrur skella einatt framan í Sveini, a ditty, Espól. 1758.

ýring, f. a drizzling, MS. II. 10; horna ýring, the rain of the horns, i.e. mead, Eg. (in a verse).

ÝRINN, adj., contr. from yfrinn, q.v.; ýrinn yl, Sks. 17 new Ed.; mat ok mungat ýrit, N.G.L. i. 386; ýrinn saum, 198; þá mun ek ýrna fá aðra, Al. 51: skal smiða til krefja unz ýrnir eru, N.G.L. i. 101; hafa þeir ýrit at vinna, Fms. xi. 105.

2. as a verb, ýrit stinnt, Hkr. ii. 11 (œrit, Ó.H. 20, l.c.); see ærinn.

ÝSA, u, f. [Ivar Aasen hysa; but the long vowel is attested by the Icel. pronunciation, as also by the alliteration in Fms. vi, see below]:

—a haddock, Edda (Gl.); ófúsa dró ek ýsu, átta ek föng við löngu, Fms. vi. (in a verse); very freq. in mod. usage.

ýskja, t, = æskja, to wish, Al. 33.

ýskra, að, = öskra, eiskra, to groan from suppressed anger or fury.

ÝTA, t, [út; Dan. yde = to give], to push out, launch; ok er hann rétti hönd sína til var sem ýtt væri stokknum at honum, Mar.; sízt honum var ýtt af hlunni, Fms. vi. (in a verse); þrælarnir skolu róa at veiði-fangi, en Þórarinn bryti skal ýta ok vera síðan hjá Þóreyju, but Th. shall help them to launch, but then remain with Th., Fs. 144 (ýta þeim, 176, l.c.); var þá ýtt skipinu, Sturl. iii. 56; freq. in mod. usage.

2. absol. to launch, start on a voyage; hvaðan ýttu þér (?), vér ýttum frá Gásum, Fms. vi. 360; vér ýttum af Noregi, Ld. 80.

II. metaph., ýta gulli, to give gold, Edda (in a verse).

ýtar, m. pl., prop. ‘mariners’ (?), then men, poët., Edda (Gl.); ýta synir, the sons of men, Hm. 28, 68, 167; ýta kyn, mankind, Skálda (in a verse), Mkv.

ýti-blakkr, m. a ‘launching horse,’ i.e. a ship, Rekst. 16.

ýtir, m. [Dan. yder], a giver, poët., Lex. Poët.

ýtri, ýtstr, see ytri, yztr.