F

faðerni, n. fatherhood, paternity, Fms. vii. 164; at f. eðr móðerni, on father’s or mother’s side, Eg. 267, Fms. ix. 251; verða sekr um f., to be convicted of fatherhood, Grág. i. 86; ganga við f., to acknowledge one’s fatherhood, Fms. i. 257, ii. 19, iii. 130; faðerni opp. to móðerni, vi. 223.

β. patrimony, Skv. 3. 67.

γ. a parent, the father; ekki var breytt um f. Kolla, Bjarn. 45 MS. (Ed. wrongly föðurinn); hann var ljóss ok fagr eptir f. sínu, as his father, Edda 7.

δ. eccl. = Lat. paternitas, Bs. ii. 14, 80, 151, Th. 12, Mar., etc.

FAÐIR, m., gen. dat. and acc. föður: pl. nom. and acc. feðr, gen. feðra, dat. feðrum; there also occurs a monosyllabic nom. föðr or feðr, gen. föðrs or feðrs, dat. and acc. föðr or feðr, the pl. as in faðir; this form occurs passim in MSS. and editions, but is less correct and quite obsolete, Eg. 178, Fms. i. 6, N.G.L. i. 52, Stj. 130: in mod. usage in gen. both föður and föðurs, better föðrs: feðr nd veðr are rhymed, Edda 95; cp. also the compds all-föðr (of Odin), but Al-faðir of God in mod. usage: [Goth. fadar; A.S. fader; Early Engl. fader, mod. father; O.H.G. fatar, mod. vater; Swed.-Dan. fader; Lat. pāter; Gr. πατήρ; all of them bisyllabic]:

—a father, N.G.L. i. 30, Grág. i. 170, Stj. 71, Hom. 47, passim:

—in eccl. sense, Lat. pater, a father of the church, Stj. 126; speki feðra, Eluc. 2, K.Á. 30; faðir ok forstjóri, father and ruler, Mar.:

—God, heavenly Father, N.T.; Foðir Vor, Our Father (i.e. the Lord’s Prayer, Lat. Pater Noster). Proverb or saying, fleygir fúsum til föður húsa, swift is the ride towards a father’s house.

compds:

föður-afi, u, m. a grandfather on the father’s side.

föður-arfr, m. inheritance after a father, Eg. 470, Rd. 282, Fb. ii. 172.

föður-bani, a, m. slayer of another man’s father, Nj. 120, Landn. 286, Fms. vi. 367, vii. 220, Fb. i. 555.

Föður-betringr, m. better than one’s father, Grett. 110.

föður-bróðir, m. a father’s brother, uncle, Grág, i. 171, ii. 185, Nj. 4:

föðurbróður-sonr, a father’s brother’s son, Fms. x. 390.

föður-bætr, f. pl. weregild for a father, Fms. ii. 109, Hkr. iii. 387.

föður-dauði, a, m. a father’s death, Ísl. ii. 116, Fas. i. 34.

föður-dráp, n. a father’s slaughter, Ísl. l.c., v.l.

föður-erfð, f. = föðurarfr, Landn. 214, v.l.

föður-faðir, m. a father’s father, Grág. i. 171, ii. 185, Jb. 14, Fms. i. 67, vii. 16.

föður-frændi, a, m. a kinsman on the father’s side, Gþl. 261, Ld. 24.

föður-garðr, m. a father’s house, Fas. iii. 250, cp. K.Á. 58.

föður-gjöld, n. pl. weregild for one’s father, Edda 48, Ísl. ii. 216.

föður-hefndir, f. pl. revenge for one’s father if slain, Ld. 260, Rd. 305, Vd. 94, Al. 7; as to this heathen custom, vide Sdm. 35, Skv. 3. 12, Nj. ch. 120 (en þó er þér meiri nauðsyná at hefna föður þíns), Heiðarv. S. (the revenge of Gest), Fms. vi, Har. S. harðr. 103 (the taunts of Halli), Ld. ch. 60, cp. also Eb. ch. 38, etc.

föður-hús, n. a father’s house, Stj. 398, 463.

föður-kyn, n. father’s kin, Eg. 266.

föður-land, n. [Germ. vaterland, Dan. fædreland], fatherland, Bær. 17, a rare word, sounding even now affected and mod. Icel. prefer saying ætt-jörð, fóstr-jörð, or the like.

föður-lauss, adj. fatherless, H.E. i. 237.

föður-leifð (föður-leif, Bær. 5, Fms. x. 386), f. a patrimony, viz. land and estates, Fms. i. 52, v. 117, vii. 176, Ld. 104.

föður-liga, adv. and föður-ligr, adj. fatherly, Stj. 63, Fms. vi. 70, Finnb. 226.

föður-móðir, f. a father’s mother, Nj. 25, Grág. i. 171.

föður-systir, [whence Dan. faster], f. a father’s sister, Grág. i. 171, Fms. iv. 24;

föðursystur-dóttir, the daughter of a father’s sister, a niece, Hkr. iii. 170.

föður-verringr, m. a degenerate son, Mag.

föður-ætt (or föður-átt), f. kinsfolk on the father’s side, Grág. i. 171, Nj. 25, Gþl. 158.

II. in many compds used as adj., e.g.

föður-ást, f. and föður-elska, u, f. fatherly love;

föður-hendr, f. pl. fatherly hands;

föður-hirting, f. fatherly punishment;

föður-hjarta, n. fatherly heart.

2. guð-faðir, a god-father;

tengda-faðir, a father-in-law;

stjúp-faðir, a step-father;

fóstr-faðir, a foster-father;

al-faðir, all-father.

faðma, að, to embrace, Stj. 185, Barl. 29, Gg. 3: recipr. to embrace one another. Sks. 572: metaph. to grasp with the arms, Sturl. i. 169, Al. 86.

faðman, f. embracing, Str.

faðm-byggvir, m., poët. a dweller in one’s arms, husband, Lex. Poët.

faðm-lag, n., esp. in pl. embraces, Ísl. ii. 269, Fms. iii. 129, Bret. 24: metaph., Sks. 550, Mar. 119.

FAÐMR m. [cp. Goth. faþa = φραγμός; A.S. fæðem; Engl. fathom; O.H.G. fadam; Germ. faden or fadem = Lat. filum; Dan. favn; Swed. famn; the root is akin to that of Gr. πετάννυμι, cp. Lat. patere, pandere, prop. to stretch out]:

—a fathom:

1. a measure = two passus, Hb. 732. 5, Grág. ii. 262, 336, Landn. 35, 131, Fms. viii. 416, Eluc. 43, Gísl. 14; very freq. used in measuring depths or heights; thus fertugt djúp, þrítugr hamarr, etc. invariably means forty fathoms deep, thirty fathoms high; whereas roads are measured by ‘fet’, stuffs, etc. by ‘ells’.

2. the arms; brjóst ok f., Fms. v. 344, Sturl. i. 214, Rm. 16, Th. 9, Am. 73; sofa í faðmi e-m, to sleep in one’s arms, Hm. 114; hafa barn í faðmi, Fms. vii. 31: the bosom, Stj. 260. Exod. iv. 6: often in the phrase, fallask í faðma, to square one thing with another, set off against, Landn. 307, Orkn. 224, Glúm. 396, Bs. i. 696, Fs. 139, Gullþ. 19.

FAGNA, að, [Ulf. faginon = χαίρειν; A.S. fægnian; Hel. faganon; cp. Engl. fain, Icel. feginn]:

—to be fain, to rejoice, Greg. 20, 40, Sks. 631; fagnið þer og verið glaðir. Matth. v. 12, John xvi. 20; fagnið með fagnendum, Rom. xii. 15: with dat., fagna e-u, to rejoice in a thing; allir munu því fagna, 623. 43, Nj. 25, Ld. 62.

2. fagna e-m, to welcome one, receive with good cheer, Nj. 4; var honum þar vel tagnað, 25, Eg. 36, Fms. iv. 131, ironic, vii. 249, x. 19.

β. with prep., fagna í e-u, to rejoice in a thing, Th. 76; fagna af e-u, id., Stj. 142, Th. 76.

γ. the phrase, fagna vetri (Jólum, sumri), to rejoice, make a feast at the beginning of winter (Yule, summer); þat var þá margra manna siðr at f. vetri … ok hafa þá veizlur ok vetrnátta-blót, Gísl. 18; ef ek mætta þar í veita í haust vinum mínum ok f. svá heimkomu minni, Fms. i. 290; þat er siðr þeirra at hafa blót á haust ok f. þá vetri, Ó.H. 104.

fagnaðr and fögnuðr, m., gen. fagnaðar, pl. ir, [Goth. faheds = χαρά], joy, Greg. 68, Hom. 85; gaudium er fögnuðr, Bs. i. 801; eilífr f., Hom. 42, Stj. 44; himinríkis f., heavenly joy, Fms. x. 274;

óvina-fögnuðr, triumph, joy for one’s foes, Nj. 112.

β. metaph. welcome, good cheer, Hkr. i. 50, Eg. 535, Fms. i. 72, iv. 82; görðu henni fagnað þá viku alla, 625. 86: the phrase, kunna sér þann fagnað, to be so sensible, so clever, Band. 9, Hkr. ii. 85, v.l.; öl ok annarr fagnaðr, ale and other good cheer, Grett. 98 A. In the N.T. χαρά is often rendered by fögnuðr, Mark iv. 16, Luke i. 14, ii. 10, viii. 13, x. 17, xv. 7, 10, John iii. 29, xv. 11, xvi. 21, 22, 24, xvii. 13, Rom. xiv. 17, xv. 13, 2 Cor. ii. 2, etc., in the same passages in which Ulf uses faheds; fögnuðr is stronger than gleði.

compds:

fagnaðar-atburðr, m. a joyful event, Barl. 88.

fagnaðar-boðskapr, m. glad tidings.

fagnaðar-dagr, m. the day of rejoicing, Fms. x. 226.

fagnaðar-eyrendi, n. a joyful message, Bs.

fagnaðar-eyru, n. pl., fagnaðar-heyra f., to hear with joyful ears, Hom. 143.

fagnaðar-fullr, adj. joyful, Bs. i. 201, Fms. i. 244.

fagnaðar-fundr, m. a joyful meeting, Fms. x. 405, xi. 438.

fagnaðar-grátr, m. weeping for joy, 655 xxvii. 9.

fagnaðar-heit, n. a joyful promise, Th. 9.

fagnaðar-kenning, f. joyful teaching.

fagnaðar-krás, f. a dainty, Stj. 443.

fagnaðar-lauss, adj. (fagnaðar-leysi, n.). joyless, Bs. i. 462, 801: wretched, poor, 464, Fms. xi. 445.

fagnaðar-lúðr, m. a trumpet of joy, Stj. 631.

fagnaðar-mark, n. a sign of joy, Hom. 104.

fagnaðar-óp, n. a shout of joy, Al. 13, Róm. 214.

fagnaðar-raust, f. a voice of joy, Stj. 434.

fagnaðar-samligr, adj. (fagnaðar-samliga, adv.), joyful, Hom. 140, Stj. 148.

fagnaðar-skrúð, n. raiment of joy, Eluc. 46.

fagnaðar-staðr, m. a place of joy, Hom. 147.

fagnaðar-sæll, adj. delightful, Fms. vi. 441, Pass. xxvii. 12.

fagnaðar-söngr, m. a song of joy, Hom. 140, Sks. 754, Stj. 434.

fagnaðar-tíð, f. and fagnaðar-tími, a, m. a time of joy, Stj. 141, Bs. i. 131, Fms. ii. 196.

fagnaðar-tíðindi, n. pl. joyful, glad tidings, Hom. 88, Fms. ii. 253, iv. 250.

fagnaðar-veizla, u, f. a feast of joy, Stj.

fagnaðar-vist, f. an abode of joy, 625. 6.

fagnaðar-öl, n. a joyful banquet, merry feast, Al. 150, Hkr. ii. 31.

fagna-fundr, m. a joyful meeting (of friends); varð þar f., there was great joy, good cheer, Eg. 130, 180, 198, 515, Ísl. ii. 387, Fms. iv. 305, v. 41, x. 405, Stj. 478.

β. a happy discovery, Stor. 2 (MS.), of the poetical mead; the edition wrongly þagna-fundr.

FAGR, adj., fem. fögr, neut. fagrt; compar. fagrari or better fegri, superl. fagrastr or better fegrstr; mod. fegurri, fegurstr; [Ulf. fagrs = ευθετος; A.S. fœger; Engl. fair; O.H.G. fagar; Dan. favre, in Dan. ballads favre mö = fair maid; Swed. fager]:

—fair; used very freq. and almost as in Engl., except that the Icel. does not use it in a moral sense, like Engl. fair, unfair:

1. of persons, the body, etc.; fögr mær, a fair maid, Nj. 2, Vkv. 2; fagr sýnum, fair to see, Fms. i. 116; f. álitum, id., Edda 5, Skv. 1. 27; fögr hönd, a fair hand (hand-fögr), Fms. ix. 283; fógr augu, fair eyes (fagr-eygr); fagrt hár, fair hair, Ísl. ii; fagrar brúðir, fair brides, Sdm. 28; mær undarliga fögr, a wonderfully fair maid, Hkr. i. 40; fegra mann (a fairer man) eðr tígurlegra, Fms. vi. 438.

2. of places; fögr er Hlíðin svá at mér hefir hón aldri jafnfögr sýnzk, Nj. 112; fagra túna (gen.), a fair abode (‘toun’), þkv. 3; salr sólu fegri, Vsp. 63; fagrar lendur,fair fields, Ld. 96: freq. in local names, Fagra-brekka, Fagr-ey, Fagri-dalr, Fagra-nes, Fagri-skógr, etc., = Fair-brink, Fair-isle, Fair-dale, Fair-ness, Fair-wood, etc., Landn.

3. of light, wind, weather, etc.; fagrt ljós, a bright light, Hom. 111, Fms. i. 230; skína fagrt, to shine brightly (of the sun); fagr byrr, a fair wind, Fms. ii. 182, Orkn. 356; fagrt veðr, fair weather, Ó.H. 216.

4. as an epithet of tears; in the phrase, gráta fögrum tárum, cp. Homer’s θαλερον δάκρυ; hence grát-fagr, beautiful in tears, Edda 63.

5. of the voice; fögr rödd, a sweet voice; fagr söngr, a sweet song, Bs. i. 168; fögr orð, a fine speech, Mork.

6. of other things; fagrt skip, a fine ship, Eg. 173; fagr borði, Nj. 24; fagrt kvæði, a fine poem, Ísl. ii. 237.

II. metaph., fagrt líf, a fair, goodly life, Mork. 72; lifa fagrt, to live a happy life, Hm. 53; fagrir siðir, fine manners, Sks. 279.

β. as an epithet of victory; fagr sigr, með fögrum sigri (freq.)

γ. mæla (tala) fagrt, to speak fair, Hm. 91, Ísl. ii. 339; talaði fagrt, en hugði flátt, spoke fair, but thought false, Fms. ii. 91; heita fögru, to promise fair, Hm. 131, Eg. (in a verse); lota öllu fögrv, cp. the Dan. ‘love guld og grönne skove’; biðja fagrt, to bid fair (with false intention), Am. 37.

B. In compds, with nouns, adjectives, fair, fine, gracious:

I. prefixed, e.g.

munn-fagr, fine-mouthed;

augna-fagr, fair eyed;

hand-fagr, fair-handed;

gang-fagr, with a fair, gracious gait;

lit-fagr, of fair hue;

hár-fagr, fair-haired, etc.

II. suffixed, e.g.

fagra-hvel, n. the fair wheel or disk, the sun (poët.), Alm. 17.

fagra-ræfr, n. the fair roof, the sky (poët.), Alm. 13.

fagr-bláinn, m. fair blue, a shield (poët.), Lex. Poët.

fagr-blár, adj. light-blue.

fagr-blóm, n., botan. trientalis, Hjalt.

fagr-búinn, part. ‘fair-boun’, bright-dressed, chiefly as an epithet of a lady, Eg. 77, Hkr. iii. 290, Hom. 120, Am. 29: of a ship, Hkv. 1. 31.

fagr-bygg, n. the fair ‘bigg’, gold (poët.), Lex. Poët., cp. Edda 83.

fagr-dæll, adj. a man from Fairdale, Sturl. iii. 181, Landn.

fagr-eygr (fagr-eygðr), adj. fair-eyed, Bs. i. 127, 178, Hkr. ii. 2, Fms. xi. 205.

fagr-ferðugr, adj. graceful, virtuous, Stj. 136, v.l.

fagr-flekkóttr, adj. fair-flecked (of a snake), Stj. 97.

fagr-gali, a, m. a fair, enticing song, enchantment, flattery.

fagr-gim, n. the fair gem, the sun (poët.), Lv. 2.

fagr-glóa, adj. fair-glowing, bright (poët.), Alm. 5 (the Sun as bride).

fagr-grænn, adj. light-green, Fms. xi. 335, Hkr. i. 71 (of a field or tree).

fagr-gulr, adj. light-yellow.

fagr-hárr (fagr-hærðr), adj. fair-haired, Nj. 16, Fms. xi. 205.

fagr-hljóðr (fagr-hljóðandi, fagr-hljóðaðr), adj. sweet-voiced, Grett. 159, Fms. ii. 199.

fagr-kinn, f. (fögrum-kinni, m., Fms. xi), fair-cheek, soubriquet of a lady, Sd.

fagr-klæddr, part. fair-clad, Greg. 24, Dropl. 25.

fagr-kolla, u, f., botan. hieracium, hawkweed, Hjalt.

fagr-limi, a, m. ‘fair-branch’, a wood (poët.), Alm. 29.

fagr-læti, n. blandishment, Barl. 119.

fagr-máll, adj. fair-spoken, Fms. vi. 52.

fagr-mæli, n. fair language, Barl. 24, 117, Nj. 167. Fms. i. 74.

fagr-mæltr, part. bland, Fms. vi. 52, v. 1.

fagr-orðr (fagr-yrðr), adj. fair-spoken, bland, Sks. 370, 432, Sturl. ii. 133.

fagr-raddaðr, part. sweet-voiced.

fagr-rauðr, adj. light-red (opp. to dökk-rauðr or dumb-rauðr, dark-red), Þiðr. 181, Fas. i. 172, Vsp. 34.

fagr-rendr, part. painted with fine stripes (of a shield), Hornklofi.

fagr-skapaðr, part. fair-shapen, Sks. 627.

fagr-skrifaðr, part. finely drawn, painted in bright colours, Greg. 26.

fagr-skygðr, part. transparent as crystal (of a shield), Lex. Poët.

fagr-strykvinn, part. painted with fair streaks (of a ship), Lex. Poët.

fagr-varinn, part. wearing fine clothes (of a lady), Vkv. 37.

fagr-vaxinn, part. of fair stature (of a lady), Band. (in a verse).

fagr-yrði, n. pl. fair words, Fms. x. 104.

fagrendi, n. pl. costly, fair things, Barl. 176.

fagr-leikr, m. beauty, Fms. v. 281, xi. 428.

fagr-leitr, adj. of fair complexion, beautiful, Fms. vii. 321, Gísl. 71.

fagr-liga (fagrla, Ó.H. in a verse), mod. fallega, adv. fairly, beautifully. Fms. i. 141, vii. 147, x. 243, Fs. 145.

fagr-ligr, adj., mod. contracted fallegr (cp. fallega above), which word is at the present time in Icel. used very much as fine, nice are in Engl., that is to say, of almost everything, whereas this form is hardly found in old writers:

—fair, fine, Vtkv. 6; f. penningar, fine money, Fs. 6; f. skrúði, a fine dress, Stj. 142; f. sigr, Fms. x. 231; f. hljóðan, sweet tunes, Bs. i. 155.

FALA, að, [falr], to demand for purchase, with acc., Fms. i. 135, iii. 159, Ld. 28, Eg. 714; f. e-t af e-m (better f. e-t at e-m), Fms. iii. 208, x. 4, Nj. 73, Ld. 144.

falan† and fölun, f. a demand for sale; leggja f. á e-ð.

FALDA, in old writers this word (if used in sense II) always follows the strong form and is declined like halda, viz. pret. félt, Landn. 166, vide Lex. Poët. passim, pl. féldu; pres. sing. feld; imperat. falt; pret. subj. féldi, Orkn. (in a verse); part. faldinn; but in signf. I (to fold) it is weak (faldar, faldaði), though it seldom occurs in old writers in this sense: in mod. usage the weak form only is used: [Ulf. falþan = πτύσσειν in Luke iv. 20. to fold or close the book; A.S. fealdan; Engl. to fold; Germ. falten; Dan. folde; Swed. fålla; Fr. fauder; cp. Lat. plicare]:

—to fold, with acc.:

I. gener. to fold; ek skal f. hana saman, I shall fold her up, Str. 9; tók hón þá skyrtuna ok faldaði saman, id.; sem hón hafði saman faldat, id.; f. fald eptir, to unfold a fold, id.; at engi mundi þann fald aptr f., id.; ef hón gæti aptr faldat skyrtu þína, 13.

β. to hem; falda dúk, klút, etc., to hem a towel, kerchief, or the like; cp. faldaðr, ófaldaðr.

II. esp. to hood or cover the head, chiefly used of ladies wearing the fald, q.v.:

α. with acc. of the person, dat. of the dress; ek mun falda þik með höfuðdúki, Nj. 201; at hón hefði nú faldit sik við motrinum, Ld. 210; Brandr var faldinn, B. was hooded as a lady, Fs. 109; Hildr Eyvindar-dóttir félt honum, H. hooded him, 194 (Ed. fylgði wrongly); at hón hefði nú faldit (Ed. wrongly faldat) sik við motrinum, that she had hooded herself with the motr, Ld. 210; mundi Guðrún ekki þurfa at falda sik motri til þess, at sama betr en allar konur aðrar, id.; hennar höfut er faldit þremr skautum, her head is hooded in three sheets (hence skauta-faldr), Mar. 48 (Fr.)

β. with dat. of the person; þá segir Hrefna, at hón vill falda sér við motrinn (better motrinum), Ld. 192; ef maðr feldr sér til vélar við konu, eðr ferr hann í kvennklæði, if a man hoods his head wilily mocking a woman, Grág. i. 338 (liable to the lesser outlawry); f. þér við höfuðdúki, Nj. l.c., v.l.; aldri hefi ek frétt at konur féldi höfuðdúkum, Orkn. (in a verse); ek félt hjálmi, I covered my head in a helmet, Sighvat.

γ. the phrases, falda sítt, to hood the head so that the eyes and face cannot be seen; far á meðal kvenna, ok falt þér sítt, at ekki verðir þú kend, Post. 656 B. 11; brúðirnar falda sítt, svá at úgerla má sjá þeirra yfirlit, Fms. xi. 106; enn fyrsta aptan hafa brúðirnar síð-faldit, Jv. 29 (Ed. 1824); sú (kona) hafði sítt faldit, Fms. vii. 161, cp. Gen. xxxviii. 14; falda hátt, to wear a tall fald, cp. Eb. 136 (in a verse); falda blá, or svörtu, to hood the head in black, to mourn, Ísl. ii. 351 (in a verse): the metaph. phrase, f. rauðu, to hood the head in red, to die a bloody death, Landn. l.c.

2. part. faldinn, used as adj. hooded, mod.

faldaðr, hooded, bordered, hemmed, etc., in compds,

eld-faldinn, hooded with flames, poët. epithet of the foaming waves, Lex. Poët.; hjálmi faldinn, hooded with a helmet (poët.), Hkv. 1. 47;

járn-faldinn, iron-hooded, helmed, Eb. 208 (in a verse):

hag-faldin, hooded with hedges, poët. epithet of the goddess Earth, Fms. vi. 140 (in a verse);

hvít-faldin, white-hooded, of glaciers or foaming waves, Snót 12, 16.

falda, u, f. = faldr, Korm. 240 (in a verse).

fald-laus, f. adj. hoodless, having her fald pulled off, Sd. 181.

FALDR, m. [A.S. feald; Engl. fold; Germ. falte; O.H.G. fald; Dan. fold; Ital. falda, and faldetta (in Malta); Fr. fauvetta and faudage]:

—a fold, of a garment, Str. 9, 13, l. 19, 21, where it is even spelt foldr; in Icel. hardly ever used in this sense.

β. the hem of a garment; hún gékk á bak til ok snart fald hans klæða, Luke viii. 44; og fald sinna klæða stækka þeir, Matth. xxiii. 5; og báðu hann, að þeir mætti snerta að eins fald hans fata, Mark vi. 56; kyrtill hlaðbúinn í fald niðr, a kirtle laced down to the hems, Fms. iv. 337; allt í fald niðr, Mag. (Fr.) 63; klæða-faldr, Pass. 36. 9.

II. a white linen hood, the stately national head-gear worn by ladies in Icel., of which drawings are given by Eggert Itin. pp. 24, 27, Sir Joseph Banks in Hooker’s Travels, the account of the French expedition of the year 1836 sq., and in almost all books of travels in Iceland. In old Sagas or poems the fald is chiefly recorded in Ld. ch. 33 (the dreams of Guðrún Osvifs datter), cp. Sd. ch. 25; in the Orkn. S. ch. 58 the two sisters Frakök and Helga, daughters of the Gaelic Moddan, wore a fald (þá hnyktu þar af sér faldinum, ok reyttu sik), 182. In the Rm. (a poem probably composed in the Western Isles. Orkneys) all the three women, Edda, Amma, and Móðir, wore the fald; the words in Þkv. 16, 19—ok haglega um höfuð typpum, and let us cleverly put a topping on his head, of Thor in bridal disguise—seem to refer to the fald. Bishop Bjarni, a native of the Orkneys (died a.d. 1222), gives the name of ‘fald’ to the helmet; Kormak, in the 10th century, speaks of the ‘old falda.’ In Normandy and Brittany a kind of ‘fald’ is still in use; it may be that it came to Icel. through Great Britain, and is of Breton origin; a French fald (Franseiskr, i.e. Britain?) is mentioned, D.N. iv. 359. In Icel. the fald was, up to the end of the last century, worn by every lady,—áðr sérhver fald bar frú | falleg þótti venja sú, a ditty. The ladies tried to outdo each other in wearing a tall fald; keisti faldr, the fald rose high, Rm. 26; falda hátt, Eb. (the verse); hence the sarcastic name stiku-faldr, a ‘yard-long fald;’ stífan teygja stiku-fald, Þagnarmál 53, a poem of 1728; 1 Tim. ii. 9 is in the Icel. version rendered, eigi með földum (πλέγμασι) eðr gulli eðr perlum,—since with ancient women, and in Icel. up to a late time, braiding of the hair was almost unknown. In mod. poetry, Iceland with her glaciers is represented as a woman with her fald on; minn hefir faldr fengið fjúka-ryk og kám, Eggert: the sails are called faldar mastra, hoods of the masts, faldar mastra blöktu stilt, Úlf. 3. 14; hestar hlés hvíta skóku falda trés, id., 10; faldr skýja, the folds of the clouds, poët., Núm. 1. 11; faldr af degi, of the daybreak, 4. 86; vide krók-faldr, sveigr, a crooked fald. falda-feykir, m. a magical dance in which the falds flew off the ladies’ heads, Fas. iii; cp. Percy’s Fryar and Boy, also the Wonderful Flute in Popular Tales.

Fal-hófnir, m. barrel-hoof, hollow-hoof, a mythol. horse, Edda.

FALL, n., pl. föll, [common to all Teut. idioms except Goth.], a fall:

—defined in law, þat er fall ef maðr styðr niðr kné eðr hendi, Grág. ii. 8, Ísl. ii. 246, Al. 76, Sd. 143: the proverb, fall er farar heill, a fall bodes a lucky journey, Fms. vi. 414 (of king Harold at Stamford-bridge), viii. 85, 403, Sverr. S.; sá er annarr orðs-kviðr at fall er farar heill, ok festir þú nú fætr í landi, Fb. i. 231, cp. Caesar’s ‘teneo te, Africa;’ falls er ván að fornu tré, Stj. 539; stirð eru gamalla manna föll; flas er falli næst, flurry is nigh falling: föll berask á e-n, one begins to reel, stagger. Fas. iii. 429; koma e-m til falls, to cause one to fall, Edda 34; reiddi hann til falls, he reeled, Eb. 220. 2. a fall, death in battle, Lat. caedes, Fms. i. 11, 43, 89, Nj. 280, Eg. 37, 106, Ó.H. 219, passim; the proverb, í flótta er fall vest, Fms. viii. 117; val-fall, Lat. strages;

mann-fall, loss of men in battle.

β. the ‘fall,’ a plague in cattle or beasts, murrain, 655. 2, Bs. i. 97, 245, 456.

γ. the carcase of a slaughtered animal; baulu-fall, sauðar-fall, nauts-fall, hrúts-fall, Stj. 483.

3. medic. in compds,

brot-fall, the falling sickness, epilepsy;

blóð-fall, klæða-föll, bloody flux;

lima-fall, paresis.

β. childbirth, in the phrase, vera komin að falli, to be in an advanced state, (komin að burði is used of sheep, cows.)

4. the fall or rush of water;

vatns-fall, a waterfall, large river;

sjávar-föll, tides;

að-fall, flood-tide;

út-fall, ebb-tide;

boða-fall, a breaker, cp. Bs. ii. 51.

5. in gramm. a case, Lat. casus, Skálda 180, 206: quantity, 159, 160, Edda 126: a metric. fault, a defective verse, dropping of syllables, Fb. iii. 426.

II. metaph. downfall, ruin, decay; fall engla, the fall of the angels, Rb. 80; til falls ok upprisu margra í Ísrael, Luke ii. 34; hafa sér e-t til falls, to run risk of ruin, Hrafn. 30; gózin eru at falli komin, the estates are dilapidated, Mar.;

á-fall, a shock;

frá-fall, death;

ó-fall, mishap;

jarð-fall, an earth-slip.

2. eccl. a sin, transgression, Bs. i. 686, Mar. 77 (Fr.)

3. a law term, breach, failure, non-fulfilment, in eið-fall, vegar-fall, Gþl. 416; messu-fall, orð-fall, veizlu-fall.

4. mod. a case, occasion.

FALLA, pret. féll, 2nd pers. féllt, mod. féllst, pl. féllu; pres. fell, pl. föllum; part. fallinn; reflex. féllsk, fallisk, etc., with the neg. suffix fellr-at, féll-at, féllsk-at, Am. 6, vide Lex. Poët. [Common to all Teut. languages except Goth. (Ulf. renders πίπτειν by drjûsan); A.S. feallan; Engl. fall; Germ. fallen; Dan. falde; Swed. falla.]

A. to fall; as in Engl. so in Icel. falla is the general word, used in the broadest sense; in the N.T. it is therefore used much in the same passages as in the Engl. V., e.g. Matth. v. 14, vii. 25, 27, x. 29, xii. 11, xiii. 4, xxi. 44, Luke xiv. 5, John xii. 24, Rom. xi. 11, xiv. 4, 1 Cor. x. 12, 1 Tim. vi. 9, Rev. viii. 10: blómstrið fellr, James i. 11: again, the verbs hrynja and hrapa denote ruin or sudden fall, detta a light fall, hrasa stumbling; thus in the N.T. hrynja is used, Luke xxiii. 30, Rev. vi. 16; hrapa, Luke x. 18, xi. 17, xiii. 4, Matth. xxiv. 29; hrasa, Luke x. 30; detta, xvi. 21: the proverb, eigi fellr tré við hit fyrsta högg, a tree falls not by the first stroke, Nj. 163, 224; hann féll fall mikit, Bs. i. 343; hón féll geigvænliga, id.; falla af baki, to fall from horseback, 344; f. áfram, to fall forwards, Nj. 165; f. á bak aptr, to fall on the back, 9; f. um háls e-m, to fall on one’s neck, Luke xv. 20; f. til jarðar, to fall to the ground, fall prostrate, Fms. vii. 13, Pass. 5. 4: to fall on one’s face, Stj. 422. Ruth ii. 10; f. fram, to fall down, Matth. iv. 9; f. dauðr ofan, to fall down dead, Fær. 31; ok jafnsnart féll á hann dimma og myrkr, Acts xiii. 11; hlutr fellr, the lot fell (vide hlut-fall), i. 26.

2. to fall dead, fall in battle, Lat. cadere, Nj. 31, Eg. 7, 495, Dropl. 25, 36, Hm. 159, Fms. i. 8, 11, 24, 38, 95, 173, 177, 178, ii. 318, 324, 329, iii. 5, iv. 14, v. 55, 59, 78, 85, vi. 406–421, vii–xi, passim.

3. of cattle, to die of plague or famine, Ann. 1341.

4. medic., falla í brot, to fall in a fit, Bs. i. 335; f. í óvit, to swoon, Nj. 210: the phrase, f. frá, to fall, die (frá-fall, death), Grág. i. 139, 401, Fms. iv. 230, vii. 275; f. í svefn, to fall asleep, Acts xx. 9.

II. to flow, run, of water, stream, tide, etc.: of the tide, særinn féll út frá landi, ebbed, Clem. 47; féll þar sær fyrir hellismunnann, the sea rose higher than the cave’s mouth, Orkn. 428; síðan féll sjór at, the tide rose, Ld. 58; ok þá er út féll sjórinn, Þorf. Karl. 420; sjórinn féll svá skjótt á land, at skipin vóru öll á floti, Fms. iv. 65: also used of snow, rain, dew, Vsp. 19; snjó-fall, a fall of snow: of the ashes of a volcano, cp. ösku-fall, s.v. aska: of a breaker, to dash, menn undruðusk er boði féll í logni, þar sem engi maðr vissi ván til at fyrri hefði fallit, Orkn. 164: of a river, nema þar falli á sú er eigi gengr fé yfir, Grág. ii. 256; vötn þau er ór jöklum höfðu fallit, Eg. 133; á féll (flowed) við skála Ásólfs, Landn. 50, A.A. 285; þeir sá þá ós (fors, Hb.) mikinn falla í sjóinn, Landn. 29, v.l., cp. Fms. i. 236; Markar-fljót féll í millum höfuð-ísa, Nj. 142; á fellr austan, Vsp. 42; falla forsar, 58; læk er féll meðal landa þeirra, Landn. 145: of sea water, sjár kolblár fellr at þeim, the ship took in water, Ld. 118, Mar. 98; svá at inn féll um söxin, that the tea rushed in at the stern, Sturl. iii. 66.

2. to stream, of hair; hárit silki-bleikt er féll (streamed) á herðar honum aptr, Fms. vii. 155.

β. of clothes, drapery, Edda (Ht. 2) 121.

III. to fall, of the wind; féll veðrit ok görði logn, the wind fell, Eg. 372; þá féll byrrinn, Eb. 8; ok fellr veðrit er þeir koma út at eyjum, Ld. 116; hón kvaðsk mundu ráða at veðrit félli eigi, Gullþ. 30; í því bili fellr andviðrit, Fbr. 67; þá féll af byrrinn, Fms. vi. 17.

2. falla niðr, to fall, drop; mitt kvæði mun skjótt niðr f., my poem will soon be forgotten, Fms. vi. 198; mun þat (in the poem) aldri niðr f. meðan Norðrlönd eru bygð, 372; féll svá þeirra tal, their speech dropped, they left off talking, Fas. iii. 579; as a law term, to let a thing drop, lát niðr f., Fs. 182; féllu hálfar bætr niðr fyrir sakastaði þá er hann þótti á eiga, Nj. 166, 250, Band. 18; þat eitt fellr niðr, Grág. i. 398, Fms. vii. 137; falla í verði, to fall in price, etc.

IV. to fail, be foiled, a law term; sá (viz. eiðr) fellr honum til útlegðar, i.e. if he fails in taking the oath he shall be liable to outlawry, N.G.L. i. 84 (eið-fall); en ef eiðr fellr, þá fari hann útlægr, K.Á. 214; fellr aldri sekt handa á milli, the fine is never cancelled, N.G.L. i. 345; f. á verkum sínum, to have been caught red-handed, to be justly slain, Eg. 736; vera fallinn at sókn, to fail in one’s suit, N.G.L. i. 166; hence metaph. fallin at frændum, failing, bereft of friends, Hðm. 5; fallinn frá minu máli, having given my case up, Sks. 554, 747; því dæmi ek fyrir dráp hans fallnar eignir ykkar, I sentence your estates to lie forfeited for his slaughter, Fs. 122; f. í konungs garð, to forfeit to the king’s treasury. Fms. iv. 227; reflex., ef honum fellsk þessor brigð, if his right of reclamation fails, Gþl. 300; ef menn fallask at því, if men fail in that, N.G.L. ii. 345; ef gerð fellsk, if the reparation comes to naught, id.; ef gerðar-menn láta fallask, if they fail to do their duty, id., cp. i. 133, 415; to fail, falter, in the phrase, e-m fallask hendr, the hands fail one; bliknaði hann ok féllusk honum hendr, Ó.H. 70; þá féllusk öllum Ásum orðtök ok svá hendr, their voice and hands alike failed them, Edda 37; en bóndum féllusk hendr, því á þeir höfðu þá engan foringja, Fms. vi. 281; féllusk þeim allar kveðjur er fyrir vóru, their greeting faltered, i.e. the greeting died on their lips, Nj. 140; vill sá eigi fallask fáta andsvör, he would not fail or falter in replying, Hkr. i. 260; féllskat saðr sviðri, her judgment did not fail, Am. 6.

V. metaph., falla í villu, to fall into heresy, Ver. 47; f. í hórdóm, to fall into whoredom, Sks. 588; f. í vald e-s. to fall into one’s power, Ld. 166; f. í fullsælu, to drop (come suddenly) into great wealth, Band. 31; f. í fullting við e-n, to fall a-helping one, to take one’s part, Grág. i. 24; lyktir falla á e-t, to come to a close, issue, Fms. ix. 292. xi. 326; f. á, to fall on, of misfortune, vide á-fall.

2. falla undir e-n, to full to one’s lot, of inheritance, obligation; arfr fellr undir e-n. devolves upon one, Gþl. 215; f. frjáls á jörð to be free born, N.G.L. i. 32; f. ánanðigr á jörð, to be born a bondsman, Grág. ii. 192.

3. falla við árar, to fall to at the oars, Fms. xi. 73, 103; Þorgeirr féll þá svá fast á árar (pulled, so bard), at af gengu báðir háirnir, Grett. 125 A; f. fram við árar, id., Fas. ii. 495 (in a verse).

VI. to fall out, befall; ef auðna fellr til, if it so falls out by luck, Fms. iv. 148; ef auðna vildi til f. með þeim, xi. 267; litlu siðar fellr til fagrt leiði, a fair wind befell them, 426; alla hluti þá er til kunni f., Nj. 224; öll þingvíti er til f., all the fines that may fall in, be due, Gþl. 21; nema þörf falli til, unless a mishap befalls him, i.e. unless he be in a strait, 76; mér féll svá gæfusamliga, it befell me so luckily, Barl. 114; verðuliga er fallit á mik þetta tilfelli, this accident has justly befallen me, 115; sem sakir f. til, as the case falls, Eg. 89.

2. to fall, be produced; þat (the iron) fellr í firði þeim er Ger heitir, Fas. iii. 240; þar fellr hveiti ok vín, 360.

VII. impers. in the phrases, e-m fellr e-t þungt, létt, etc., a thing falls lightly, heavily upon, esp. of feeling; þetta mun yðr þungt f., it will fall heavily on you, Band. 18; felir þá keisaranum þyngra bardaginn, the battle fell out ill to (turned against) the emperor, Fms. xi. 32; at oss mundi þungt f. þessi mál, Nj. 191.

2. the phrases, e-m fellr e-t nær, it falls nigh to one, touches one nearly; svá fellr mér þetta nær um trega, Nj. 170; sjá einn var svá hlutr, at Njáli féll svá nær, at hana mátti aldri óklökvandi um tala, this one thing touched Njal so nearly, that he could never speak of it without tears, 171; mér fellr eigi firr en honum, it touches me no less than him, Blas. 41; henni féll meinit svá, nær, at …, the illness fell on her so sore, that …, Bs. i. 178; féll henni nær allt saman, she was much vexed by it all (of illness), 351; e-t fellr bágliga, hörmuliga etc. fyrir e-m, things fall out sadly for one. Vígl. 30, El. 15.

B. Metaph. to fall in with, agree, fit, suit, Germ. gefallen:

I. to please, suit; kvað sér þat vel falla til aftekta, said that it suited him well for drawing taxes from, Fb. ii. 122: en allt þat, er hann heyrði frá himnaguði, féll honum harla vel, pleased him very well, Fms. i. 133; honum féll vel í eyru lofsorð konungs, the king’s praise suited his ears well, tickled, pleased his fancy, Bret. 16: reflex., þat lof fellsk honum í eyru, 4; jarli fellsk þat vel í eyru, the earl was well pleased to hear it, Bjarn. 7.

β. falla saman, to fall in with, comply, agree; en þó at eigi félli allt saman með þeim, though they did not agree in all, Bs. i. 723.

γ. féllsk vel á með þeim, they loved one another, Fas. i. 49; féll vel á með þeim Styrkári, i.e. he and S. were on good terms, Fms. iii. 120.

δ. honum féllsk þat vel í skap, it suited his mind well, pleased him, Fas. i. 364; féllsk hvárt öðru vel í geð, they agreed well, liked one another well, Band. 9; fallask á e-t, to like a thing; brátt kvartar að mér fellst ei á, Bb. 3. 23.

2. to beseem, befit; heldr fellr þeim (it befits them), at sýna öðrum með góðvilja, Str. 2.

3. falla at e-u, to apply to, refer to; þetta eitt orð er at fellr eiðstafnum, Band. MS. 15 (Ed. 18 wrongly eiðrinn instead of eiðnum).

4. the phrase ‘falla við’ in Luke vi. 36 (bótin af því hinu nýja fellr eigi við hið gamla) means to agree with; hence also viðfeldinn, agreeable:—but in the two passages to be cited falla við seems to be intended for falda við, to enfold; hvergi nema þar sem falli við akr eða eng, unless field or meadow be increased or improved, N.G.L. ii. 116; ekki má falla (qs. falda) við hamingju-leysi mitt, ’tis impossible to add a fold to my bad luck, it cannot be worse than it is, Al. 110.

II. part. fallinn; svá f., such-like, so framed; eitt lítið dýr er svá fallið, at …, a small animal is so framed, that …, Stj. 77; hví man hinn sami maðr svá fallinn, how can the same man be so framed? Fms. xi. 429:

—in law phrases, such-like, as follows, svá fallinn vitnisburð, testimony as follows, Vm. 47; svo fallinn órskurð, dóm, etc., a decision, sentence … as follows, a standing phrase; þá leið fallinn, such, such-like (Germ. beschaffen), Stj. 154.

2. fallinn vel, illa, etc., well, ill-disposed; hann var vænn maðr ok vel fallinn, Fms. xi. 422; þau vóru tröll bæði ok at öllu illa fallin, Bárð. 165; fitted, worthy, bezt til konungs fallinn, Fms. i. 58; ok er hann bezt til þess f. af þessum þremr, vi. 386; at hann væri betr til fallinn at deyja fyrir þá sök en faðir hans, that he more deserved to die than his father did, x. 3; Ólafr er betr til yfirmanns f. enn mínir synir, Ld. 84; margir eru betr til fallnir fararinnar, Ísl. ii. 327; Hallgerðr kvað hann sér vel fallinn til verkstjóra, Nj. 57; sá er til þess er f., Sks. 299; ‘worthy,’ 1 Cor. vi. 2.

3. neut. fit; ok hætti þá er honum þótti fallit, when he thought fit, Fms. vi. 364; slík reip sem f. þykir, as seems needful, Sks. 420; væri þat vel fallit, at …, it would do well, to …, Fms. ii. 115; þat mun nú vel fallit, that will be right, that will do well, Nj. 145; kallaði vel til fallit, said it was quite right, Fms. xi. 321.

4. of a thing, with dat. suited to one; eigi þyki mér þér sú ferð vel fallin, i.e. this journey will not do for thee, will not do thee good, Fms. vi. 200; cp. ó-fallit, unfit.

fallegr, adj. fair. falliga, adv., vide fagrligr.

fallerask, að, dep. [for. word, Lat. fallere], to prove false, Stj. 4, K.Á. 224; to fall, of a woman, H.E. ii. 190.

fall-hætt, n. adj. staggering, in danger of falling, Eb. 240.

fall-jökull, m. or fall-jaki, a, m. an ice-berg, Sks. 176.

fall-sótt, f. a murrain, plague, Grág. i. 458.

fall-staðr, m. a falling place, Fms. viii. 435.

fall-stykki,† n. a big gun, (mod.)

fall-valtr, adj. reeling, metaph. in eccl. writers, faltering, changeable, uncertain, of worldly things, opp. to heavenly; f. heimr, f. líf. Post. 656 B. 11, Magn. 504; f. hlutir, opp. to eilífr hlutir, Hom. 42; f. fagnaðr þessa lífs, Fms. i. 225; fallvaltan rikdóm, 1 Tim. vi. 17.

FALR, m. [fal, Ivar Aasen], the socket of a spear’s head in which the handle is put, often richly ornamented (spjóts-falr), Fas. iii. 388, Stj. 461, Eg. 285, 726, Edda 83, Ld. 98, Nj. 108, K.Þ.K. 96, Fms. iv. 278, 338, Fs. 127; vide Worsaae 344 sqq., 498.

FALR, adj. [A.S. fæle; O.H.G. fali; Germ. feil; Swed. and Dan. fal]:

—venal, to be sold, Fms. i. 185, Sd. 188, Ld. 146; e-m er e-t falt, or eiga (láta) e-t falt, to have a thing for sale, Grág. ii. 243, N.G.L. i. 237, Fms. vii. 20, Nj. 32; gjaf-falr, Fms. vii. 124; metaph., er mér eru falastir til þungs hlutar, i.e. I should not mind if they fared ill, Lv. 105, Mag. 59, Trist. 8, 11 (Fr.)

FALS, n. [for. word, Lat. falsum], a fraud, cheat, deceit, imposture, Fms. viii. 265; f. ok svik, ix. 283; illusion, in a dream, xi. 371; adulteration, ii. 129, Gþl. 490–493.

fals, adj. = falskr, false, Barl. 134, 144, 149, 152, Fms. ii. 210.

fals-, in compds, false, fraudulent, forged:

fals-blandaðr, part. blended with fraud, Stj. 142;

fals-bréf, n. a forged deed, Bs. i. 819;

fals-guð, n. a false god, Fms. i. 304, Sks. 308;

fals-heit, n. pl. false promises, Art.;

fals-kona, u, f. a false woman, harlot, Korm. 76;

fals-konungr, m. a false king, pretender, Bær. 15, Fms. ix. 433, Gþl. 35;

fals-kristr, m. a false Christ, Matth. xxiv. 24;

fals-penningr, m. false money, Karl.;

fals-postuli, a, m. a false apostle, 1 Cor. xi. 15;

fals-silfr, n. bad silver, Fær. 217;

fals-spámenn, m. false prophets, Matth. vii. 15, xxiv. 24;

fals-trú, f. false doctrine, heresy, Barl.;

fals-vitni, n. a false witness, H.E. i. 522, Barl. 142.

falsa, að, to defraud, impose upon, Nj. 106, Fms. ii. 129; to cheat, Hkr. i. 8; f. e-t af e-m, to cheat one of a thing, Fms. viii. 295; to spoil, El. 12; brynjan falsaðisk, the coat of mail proved false. Fas. i. 507.

2. to falsify, forge; f. bréf, K.Á. 222; neut., f. ok hégóma, to use false and vain language. Stj. 131;

part. falsaðr, false, Fms. i. 139, Stj. 58. 592.

falsari, a, m. an impostor, deceiver, Fms. viii. 295. ix. 261, 262, El. 31.

falskr, adj. [for. word, Germ. falsch], false; f. bræðr, 1 Cor. xi. 26; it occurs first in the 15th century.

fals-lauss, adj. guileless, Edda 20; f. máli. good money, Fms. vi. 245; f. kaup, a bargain in good faith, Bs. i. 719.

falslaus-ligr, adj. (falslaus-liga, adv.), sincere, in good faith, Stj. 149.

fals-leikr,† m. a falsehood, Post. 98.

fals-ligr, adj. (fals-liga, adv.), crafty, vile, Flóv. 43; false, Fms. v. 242.

fals-óttr, adj. deceitful, Stj. 144.

fals-samligr, adj. (fals-liga, adv.), false, crafty, Sks. 404.

fals-vitr, adj. crafty, cunning, Stj. 144 (MS. 227).

faltrask, að, dep. to be cumbered; f. við e-t, to be puzzled about a thing, Fær. 174; cp. fatrask.

fal-vigr, f. a spear with an ornamented socket, Mork. 200.

FAMBI, a, m. a simpleton, Hm. 103.

FANG, n. [for the root vide fá], a catching, fetching:

1. catching fish, fishing, Eb. 26, Ám. 32; halda til fangs, to go a-fishing, Ld. 38: a take of fish, stores of fish, hann bað þá láta laust fangit allt, þat er þeir höfðu fangit, Fms. iv. 331; af öllu því fangi er þeir hljóta af dauðum hvölum, Ám. 36; f. þat er þeir áttu báðir, cp. veiði-fang, her-fang, prey.

2. in plur.,

α. baggage, luggage, Nj. 112; föng ok fargögn, luggage and carriage, 266; ok er þeir höfðu upp borit föngin, carriage, Orkn. 324: stores, forn korn ok önnur föng, Fms. iv. 254.

β. provisions, esp. at a feast; öll vóru föng hin beztu, Fms. iv. 102; kostnaðar-mikit ok þurfti föng mikil, Eg. 39; Þórólfr sópask mjök um föng, 42; veizla var hin prúðlegsta ok öll föng hin beztu, 44; hann leitaði alls-konar fanga til bús síns, 68, Fs. 19, 218; hence, borð með hinum beztum föngum, board with good cheer, Fms. i. 66; búa ferð hennar sæmiliga með hinum beztum föngum, x. 102.

γ. metaph. means, opportunity; því at eins at engi sé önnur föng, Fms. iv. 176; meðan svá góð föng eru á sem nú, 209; hafa föng á e-u, or til e-s, to be enabled to do a thing, viii. 143, x. 388, Eb. 114, Gullþ. 30, Eg. 81, Ld. 150, Odd. 18; urðu þá engi föng önnur, there was no help (issue) for it (but that …), Fms. vii. 311; af (eptir) föngum, to the best of one’s power, x. 355; af beztu föngum býr hón rúmið, Bb. 3. 24; at-föng, q.v.; bú-föng (bú-fang), q.v.; öl-föng, vín-föng, store of ale, wine.

3. the phrase, fá konu fangi, to wed a woman, N.G.L. i. 350:

fangs-tíð, n. wedding season, 343;

hence kván-fang, ver-fang, marriage.

II. an embryo, fetus, in sheep or kine; ef graðungr eltir fang ór kú, Jb. 303: the phrase, láta fangi, to ‘go back,’ of a cow.

β. a metric. fault, opp. to fall, Fb. iii. 426 (in a verse).

III. that with which one clasps or embraces, the breast and arms; kom spjótið í fang honum, the spear pierced his breast, Gullþ. 23, Fms. ii. 111; reka í fang e-m, to throw in one’s face, Nj. 176; hafa e-t í fangi sér, to hold in one’s arms, Bdl. 344; hné hón aptr í f. honum, Ísl. ii. 275; taka sér í fang, to take into one’s arms, Mark x. 16; cp. háls-fang, embraces.

2. an apron, Edda (Gl.)

3. færask e-t í fang, to have in one’s grip, metaph. to undertake a thing, Fms. vii. 136; færask e-t ór fangi, to throw off, refuse, Sturl. iii. 254: the phrase, hafa fullt í fangi, to have one’s hands full.

4. wrestling, grappling with, Ísl. ii. 445, 446, 457; taka fang við e-n, Edda 33; ganga til fangs, Gþl. 163: the saying, fangs er ván at frekum úlfi, there will be a grapple with a greedy wolf, Eb. 250, Ld. 66, Fms. v. 294, Skv. 2. 13.

β. the phrases, ganga á fang við e-n, to grapple with one, provoke one, Ld. 206; ganga í fang e-m, id., Band. 31; slíka menn sem hann hefir í fangi, such men as he has to grapple with, Háv. 36; fá fang á e-m, or fá fang af e-m, to get hold of one; fékk engi þeirra fang á mér, Nj. 185, Fms. x. 159; sá þeir, at þeir fengu ekki f. af Erlingi, they saw that they could not catch E., vii. 300, xi. 96.

5. an armful; skíða-fang, viðar-fang, an armful of fuel: Icel. call small hay-cocks fang or föng, hence fanga hey upp, to put the hay into cocks:

fanga-hnappr, m. a bundle of hay, armful.

IV. in the compds vet-fangr, hjör-fangr, etc. the f is = v, qs. vet-vangr, hjör-vangr, vide vangr.

compds:

fanga-brekka, u, f. a wrestling ground, Glúm. 354.

fanga-fátt, n. adj. falling short of provisions, Fms. viii. 367.

fanga-hella, u, f. = fanghella.

fanga-kviðr, m. a law term, a body of jurymen taken at random, opp. to búa-kviðr, defined Grág. ii. 99, 140.

fanga-lauss, adj. void of means, of provisions, Fms. viii. 419.

fanga-leysi, n. want of stores, Róm. 263.

fanga-lítill, adj. vile, not worth fetching, Vm. 119.

fanga-mark, n. mark of ownership, a monogram.

fanga-ráð, n. a device, stratagem, a wrestling term, Nj. 253, Lv. 92, Orkn. 50.

fanga-stakkr, m. a wrestling jerkin, Ísl. ii. 443.

fanga-váttr, m. a law term, a witness fetched (summoned) at random, Gþl. 547–549.

fanga, að, [Germ. fangen = to fetch, whence Dan. fange], to fetch, capture, Stj. 122, Vígl. 29, Bs. i. 881, ii. 118, Fb. i. 240; áðr en hann var fangaðr, Ísl. (Harð. S.) ii. 105; f. dauða, to catch one’s death, to die, Ór. 39: this word is rare and borrowed from Germ., it scarcely occurs before the end of the 13th century;

part. fanginn vide s.v. fá and below.

fangaðr, part. having means (föng) for doing a thing, K.Á. 118, Ann. 1425.

fangari, a, m. a wrestler, Sd. 142, Barl. 148: a gaoler, (mod.)

fang-brögð, n. pl. wrestling, Fs. 131.

fang-elsi, n. [Dan. fængsel; Swed. fängelse], a prison, gaol, Fms. iv. 167, xi. 240, (a rare and unclass. word); cp. dýflissa, myrkva-stofa.

fang-hella, u, f. a stone set on edge in the arena, Ísl. ii. 446.

fangi, a, m. a prisoner, Mar., (rare and unclass.); cp. Dan. fange.

fanginn, part. captured, Stj. 71, Ann. 1299, Bs. i. 698: metaph. enticed, Fas. i. 60; cp. ást-fanginn, captured by love, in love.

fang-lítill, adj. yielding little produce, Bs. i. 335.

fang-remi, f. a deadly struggle, Korm. (in a verse).

fang-staðr, m. something to grasp or lay hold of, in the phrases, fá f. á e-m, to catch hold of one, Vápn. 14, Th. 14; ljá fangstaðar á sér, to let oneself be caught, Fms. iv. 282.

fang-sæll, adj. having a good grasp, Eb. 250: lucky, Vellekla.

fang-taka, u, f. taking hold, in wrestling, Barl. 8.

fang-vinr, m. and fang-vina, u, f. an antagonist in wrestling, Grett. 124 (in a verse), Eg. 103 (in a verse).

FANIR, f. pl. [Swed. fan, Engl. fan; cp. Germ. fahne, Goth. fana], a fan, in tálkn-fanir, the gill-flaps of a whale.

fann-fergja, u, f. heavy snow-drifts.

fann-hvítr, adj. white as driven snow (fönn), Stj. 206.

fann-koma, u, f. a fall of snow.

fann-mikill, adj. snowy, Grett. 112.

FANTR, m. [Ital. fanti = a servant; Germ. fanz; Dan. fjante = an oaf; the Norwegians call the gipsies ‘fante-folk,’ and use fante-kjæring for a hag, fille-fant for the Germ. firle-fanz, a ragamuffin, etc.: the word is traced by Diez to the Lat. infans, whence Ital. and Span, infanteria, Fr. infanterie, mod. Engl. infantry, etc.,—in almost all mod. European languages the milit. term for foot-soldiers. In Norse and Icel. the word came into use at the end of the 12th century; the notion of a footman is perceivable in the verse in Fms. viii. 172 (of a.d. 1182)—fant sé ek hvern á hesti en lendir menn ganga, I behold every fant seated on horseback whilst the noblemen walk:—hence it came to mean] a landlouper, vagabond, freq. in Karl., Str., El., Flóv.; fantar ok glópar, Mar.; hversu vegsamligr var konungrinn af Ísrael í dag, hver eð afklæddist fyrir ambáttum þénara sinna, og lék nakinn sem fantar, and danced naked like a buffoon, Vídal. i. 220, cp. 2 Sam. vi. 20.

fanz, m. a gang, tribe; Odd sá þekti allr fans, Stef. Ól.;

þræla-fanz, a gang of thralls.

β. lumber, Úlf. 8. 64; akin to fantr.

FAR, n.

I. motion, travel; rare in this sense, as the fem. för and ferð, q.v., are used instead.

β. of the clouds, in the phrase, far á lopti, drift in the sky.

II. a means of passage, a ship; far er skip, Edda 110, Skálda 163: the allit. phrase, hvert fljótanda far, every floating vessel, Fms. xi. 125, Fær. 260; at bjarga fari á floti, Hm. 155.

2. in compds, a trading vessel;

Íslands-far, an Iceland-trader, Fms. vi. 370, vii. 32;

Englands-far, an English-trader, ix. 41;

Dýrlinnar-far, a Dublin ship, Eb. 254;

fjögra-manna-far, tveggja-manna-far, sex-manna-far, a four-, two-, six-oared boat.

3. passage, in the phrases, taka sér (e-m) fari, fá sér fari, ráða sér fari, usually so in dat., but in mod. usage acc. (taka, ráða sér far), to take a passage in a ship, Gþl. 516, Grág. ii. 400, 406 (acc.), Ld. 50, Landn. 307, Eg. 288, Nj. 111, 112, Ísl. ii. 199, Eb. 194; beiðask fars, id., Grág. i. 90, Fms. vi. 239; banna e-m far, to forbid one a passage, stop one (far-bann), Landn. 307; synja e-m fars, to deny one a passage (far-synjan), Hbl. 54; at þeir hafi allir far, Jb. 393.

III. a trace, track, print, Hom. 120; Sveinki rak lömb sín til fjöru í förin, at eigi mátti sjá tveggja manna för, Njarð. 376; nú villask hundarnir farsins, the hounds lost the track, Fms. v. 147, cp. O.H.L. 83: metaph., of et sama far, on the same subject, of a book, Íb. (pref.): in many compds, a print, mark of any kind,

fóta-för, footprints;

skafla-för, the print of a sharp-shod horse;

nálar-far, a stitch;

fingra-för, a finger-print;

tanna-för, a bite;

nagla-för, the marks of nails, John xx. 25;

knífs-far, a knife’s mark;

eggjar-far, the mark of the edge, in a cut;

járna-far, the print of the shackles;

kjal-far, the keel’s track, wake of a ship;

um-far, a turn, round;

saum-far, a rim on a ship’s side.

IV. metaph. life, conduct, behaviour; hugar-far, geðs-far, lundar-far, disposition, character; ættar-far, a family mark, peculiarity; dag-far, daily life, conduct of life; í góðra manna fari ok vándra, 677. 3; hvat þess mundi vera í fari konungsins, in the king’s character, Fms. v. 327; ek vissa þá marga hluti í fari Knúts konungs, at hann mætti heilagr vera, xi. 287; nokkut af fyrnsku eptir í fari hans, iii. 131.

2. estate, condition; ok gefa þeir eigi gaum um hennar far, N.G.L. i. 226; sem hann hafði skírt far sitt, made known his state, how he fared, 34; aldar-far, Lat. genius seculi; dægra-far, q.v.: sára-far, the state of the wounds; víga-far, q.v.; heilindis-far, health, Mar. 124; far veðranna, the course of the winds, Eb. 218; †þá skrifaða ek þessa (bók) of et sama far, on the same subject, Íb. (pref.)

3. the phrase, at forni fari, of yore, of old, Gþl. 85, 86, Eg. 711; at fornu fari ok nýju, of yore and of late, D.N.; at réttu fari, justly.

β. the phrase, göra sér far um e-t, to take pains about a thing.

B. = fár, q.v., bale, ill-fate (rare); far er reiði, far er skip, Edda 110; at hann mundi fara þat far sem hans formaðr, that he would fare as ill as his predecessor, Bs. i. 758: cp. the dubious phrase, muna yðvart far allt í sundi þótt ek hafa öndu látið, your ill-fate will not all be afloat, i.e. cleared off, though I am dead, Skv. 3. 51; vera í illu fari, to fare ill, be in a strait, Orkn. 480; ok vóru í illu fari hér um, Stj. 394. Judges viii. 1, ‘and they did chide with him sharply,’ A. V.; at hann skyldi í engu fari móti þeim vera, that he should not be plotting (brooding mischief) against them, Sturl. iii. 121 C.

FARA, pret. fóra, 2nd pers. fórt, mod. fórst, pl. fóru; pres. ferr, 2nd pers. ferr, in mod. pronunciation ferð; pret. subj. færa; imperat. far and farðu (= far þú); sup. farit; part. farinn; with the suffixed neg. fór-a, Am. 45; farið-a (depart not), Hkr. i. 115 MS. (in a verse). [In the Icel. scarcely any other verb is in so freq. use as fara, as it denotes any motion; not so in other Teut. idioms; in Ulf. faran is only used once, viz. Luke x. 7; Goth. farjan means to sail, and this seems to be the original sense of fara (vide far); A.S. faran; the Germ. fahren and Engl. fare are used in a limited sense; in the Engl. Bible this word never occurs (Cruden); Swed. fara; Dan. fare.]

A. Neut. to go, fare, travel, in the widest sense; gékk hann hvargi sem hann fór, he walked wherever he went, Hkr. i. 100; né ek flý þó ek ferr, I fly not though I fare, Edda (in a verse); létt er lauss at fara (a proverb), Sl. 37: the saying, verðr hverr með sjálfum sér lengst at fara, Gísl. 25; cp. ‘dass von sich selbst der Mensch nicht scheiden kann’ (Göthe’s Tasso), or the Lat. ‘patriae quis exul se quoque fugit?’ usually in the sense to go, to depart, heill þú farir, heill þú aptr komir, Vþm. 4; but also to come, far þú hingat til mín, come here, Nj. 2.

2. to travel, go forth or through, pass, or the like; þú skalt fara í Kirkjubæ, Nj. 74; fara ór landi, to fare forth from one’s country, Fms. v. 24; kjóll ferr austan, Vsp. 51; Surtr ferr sunnan, 52; snjór var mikill, ok íllt at fara, and ill to pass, Fms. ix. 491; fóru þeir út eptir ánni, Eg. 81; siðan fór Egill fram með skóginum, 531; þeim sem hann vildi at færi … Njáll hét at fara, Nj. 49; fara munu vér, Eg. 579; Egill fór til þess er hann kom til Álfs. 577, Fms. xi. 122; fara þeir nú af melinum á sléttuna. Eg. 747; fara heiman, to fare forth from one’s home, K.Þ.K. 6; alls mik fara tíðir, Vþm. 1; fjölð ek fór, far I fared, i.e. travelled far, 3: the phrase, fara utan, to fare outwards, go abroad (from Iceland), passim; fara vestr um haf, to fare westward over the sea, i.e. to the British Isles, Hkr. i. 101; fara á fund e-s, to visit one, Ld. 62; fara at heimboði, to go to a feast, id.; fara fæti, to fare a-foot, go walking, Hkr.; absol. fara, to travel, beg, hence föru-maðr, a vagrant, beggar; in olden times the poor went their rounds from house to house within a certain district, cp. Grág. i. 85; ómagar er þar eigu at fara í því þingi eðr um þau þing, id.; ómagar skolu fara, 119; omegð þá er þar ferr, 296: in mod. usage, fara um and um-ferð, begging, going round.

β. with prep.:

fara at e-m, to make an inroad upon one, Nj. 93, 94, 102 (cp. at-för);

fara á e-n, to mount, e.g. fara á bak, to mount on horseback; metaph., dauðinn fór á, death seized him, Fms. xi. 150;

f. saman, to go together, Edda 121, Grág. ii. 256; f. saman also means to shudder. Germ. zusammenfahren, Hým. 24: metaph. to concur, agree, hversu má þat saman f., Nj. 192; þeim þótti þat mjök saman f., Fms. iv. 382;

fara á hæl, or á hæli, to go a-heel, i.e. step back. retreat, xi. 278, Eg. 296;

fara undan, metaph. to excuse oneself, refuse (v. undan), Nj. 23, Fms. x. 227;

fara fyrir, to proceed;

fara eptir, to follow.

3. with ferð, leið or the like added, in acc. or gen. to go one’s way; fara leiðar sinnar, to proceed on one’s journey, Eg. 81, 477, Fms. i. 10, Grág. ii. 119; fara ferðar sinnar, or ferða sinna, id.. Eg. 180, Fms. iv. 125; fara derð sina, id.. Eg. 568; fara förum sínum, or för sinní, id., K.Þ.K. 80, 90; fara dagfari ok náttfari, to travel day and night, Fms. i. 203; fara fullum dagleiðum, to go full days-journeys, Grág. i. 91; or in a more special sense, fara þessa ferð, to make this journey, Fas. ii. 117; f. stefnu-för, to go a-summoning; f. bónorðs-för, to go a-courting, Nj. 148; f. sigr-för, to go on the way of victory, to triumph, Eg. 21; fara sendi-för, to go on a message, 540.

β. in a metaph. sense; fara hneykju-för, to be shamefully beaten, Hrafn. 19 (MS.); fara ósigr, to be defeated, Eg. 287; fara mikinn skaða, to ‘fare’ (i.e. suffer) great damage, Karl. 43; fara því verrum förum, fara skömm, hneykju, erendleysu, úsæmð, to get the worst of it, Fms. viii. 125.

4. with the road in acc.; hann fór Vánar-skarð, Landn. 226; f. sjó-veg, land-veg, K.Þ.K. 24; fór mörg lönd ok stórar merkr, Fas. ii. 540; fara sömu leið, Fms. i. 70; f. sama veg, Luke x. 31; f. fjöll ok dala, Barl. 104; fara út-leið, þjóð-leið, Fms. iv. 260; also, fara um veg, fara um fjall, to cross a fell, Hm. 3; fara liði, to march, Fms. i. 110.

II. in a more indefinite sense, to go; fara búðum, bygðum, vistum, to move, change one’s abode, Ld. 56, Hkr. ii. 177, Nj. 151, Vígl. 30; fara búferla, to more one’s household, Grág. ii. 409; fara vöflunarförum, to go a-begging, i. 163, 294, ii. 482.

2. the phrases, fara eldi ok arni, a law term, to move one’s hearth and fire. Grág. ii. 253; fara eldi um land, a heathen rite for taking possession of land, defined in Landn. 276. cp. Eb. 8, Landn. 189, 284.

3. fara einn-saman, to be alone. Grág. ii. 9; the phrase, f. eigi einn-saman, to be not alone, i.e. with child, Fms. iii. 109; or, fór hón með svein þann, Bs. i. 437; cp. ganga með barni.

4. adding an adj., to denote gait, pace, or the like; fara snúðigt, to stride haughtily, Nj. 100; fara mikinn, to rush on, 143; fara flatt, to fall flat, tumble, Bárð. 177; fara hægt, to walk slowly.

β. fara til svefns, to go to sleep, Nj. 35; f. í sæti sitt, to go to one’s seat, 129; f. í sess, Vþm. 9; f. á bekk, 19; fara á sæng, to go to bed, N.G.L. i. 30; fara í rúmið, id. (mod.); fara í mannjöfnuð, Ísl. ii. 214; fara í lag, to be put straight, Eg. 306; fara í vöxt, to wax, increase, Fms. ix. 430, Al. 141; fara í þurð, to wane, Ld. 122, l. 1 (MS.); fara í úefni, to go to the wrong side, Sturl. iii. 210; fara at skakka, to be odd (not even). Sturl. ii. 258; fara at sölum, to be put out for sale, Grág. ii. 204.

5. fara at fuglum, to go a-fowling, Orkn. (in a verse); fara at fugla-veiðum, id., Bb. 3. 36; fara í hernað, í víking, to go a-freebooting, Fms. i. 33, Landn. 31; fara at fé, to watch sheep, Ld. 240; fara at fé-föngum, to go a-fetching booty, Fms. vii. 78.

β. with infin., denoting one’s ‘doing’ or ‘being;’ fara sofa, to go to sleep, Eg. 377; fara vega, to go to fight, Vsp. 54, Gm. 23; fara at róa, Vígl. 22; fara leita, to go seeking, Fms. x. 240; fara að búa, to set up a household, Bb. 2. 6; fara að hátta, to go to bed.

γ. akin to this is the mod. use of fara with an infin. following in the sense to begin, as in the East Angl. counties of Engl. it ‘fares’ to …, i.e. it begins, is likely to be or to do so and so; það fer að birta, það er farit að dimma, it ‘fares’ to grow dark; það fer að hvessa, it ‘fares’ to blow; fer að rigna, it ‘fares’ to rain. etc.:

—no instance of this usage is recorded in old Icel., but the Engl. usage shews that it must be old.

δ. with an adj. etc.; fara villr, to go astray, Sks. 565; fara haltr, to go lame, Fms. x. 420; fara vanstiltr, to go out of one’s mind, 264; fara hjá sér, to be beside oneself, Eb. 270; fara apr, to feel chilly, Fms. vi. 237 (in a verse); fara duldr e-s, to be unaware of, Skálda 187 (in a verse); fara andvígr e-m, to give battle, Stor. 8; fara leyniliga, to go secretly, be kept hidden, Nj. 49.

6. to pass; fór sú skipan til Íslands, Fms. x. 23; fara þessi mál til þings, Nj. 100; hversu orð fóru með þeim, how words passed between them, 90; fóru þau orð um, the runner went abroad, Fms. i. 12; ferr orð er um munn líðr (a saying), iv. 279; þá fór ferligt úorðan, a bad report went abroad, Hom. 115.

7. fara fram, to go on, take place; ferr þetta fram, Ld. 258; ef eigi ferr gjald fram, if no payment takes place, K.Þ.K. 64; ferr svá fram, and so things went on without a break, Nj. 11, Eg. 711; veizlan ferr vel fram, the feast went on well, Nj. 11, 51; spyrr hvat þar færi fram, he asked what there was going on. Band. 17; fór allt á sömu leið sem fyrr, it went on all the same as before, Fms. iv. 112; fara fram ráðum e-s, to follow one’s advice, Nj. 5, 66, Fms. vii. 318; allt mun þat sínu fram f., it will take its own course, Nj. 259; nú er því ferr fram um hríð, it went on so for a while, Fms. xi. 108; a law term, to be produced, gögn fara fram til varnar, Grág. i. 65; dómar fara út, the court is set (vide dómr), Grág., Nj., passim.

8. borð fara upp brott, the tables are removed (vide borð), Eg. 247, 551; eigi má þetta svá f., this cannot go on in that way, Nj. 87; fjarri ferr þat, far from it, by no means, 134; fór þat fjarri at ek vilda, Ld. 12; fór þat ok svá til, and so if came to pass, Fms. x. 212.

9. to turn out, end; hversu ætlar þú fara hesta-atið, Nj. 90; fór þat sem likligt var, it turned out as was likely (i.e. ended ill). Eg. 46; svá fór, at …, the end was, that …, Grett. 81 new Ed.; ef svá ferr sem ek get til, if it turns out as I guess, Dropl. 30, Vígl. 21; ef svá ferr sem mín orð horfa til, Fms. v. 24; ef svá ferr sem mik varir, if it comes to pass as it seems to me, vi. 350; svá fór um sjóferð þá, Bjarni 202; á sömu leið fór um aðra sendi-menn, Eg. 537; to depart, die, þar fór nýtr maðr, Fs. 39; fara danða-yrði, to pass the death-weird, to die, Ýt. 8.

10. to fare well, ill, in addressing; fari þér vel, fare ye well, Nj. 7; biðja e-n vel fara, to bid one farewell, Eg. 22, Ld. 62; far heill ok sæll, Fms. vii. 197: in a bad sense, far þú nú þar, ill betide thee! Hbl. 60; far (impers.) manna armastr, Eg. 553; Jökull bað hann fara bræla armastan, Finnb. 306; fari þér í svá gramendr allir, Dropl. 23.

11. fara í fat, í brynju (acc.), etc., to dress, undress; but fara ór fötum (dat.), to undress, Fms. x. 16, xi. 132, vii. 202, Nj. 143, Gh. 16, etc.

III. metaph.,

1. to suit, fit, esp. of clothes, hair, or the like; ekki þykkir mér kyrtill þinn fara betr en stakkr minn, Fas. ii. 343; hárið fór vel, Nj. 30; jarpr á hár ok fór vel hárit, Fms. ii. 7; gult hár sem silki ok fór fagrliga, vi. 438, Fs. 88; klæði sem bezt farandi, Eb. 256; var sú konan bezt f., the most graceful, lady-like, Ísl. ii. 438; fór ílla á hestinum, it sat ill on the horse, Bs. i. 712.

2. impers. it goes so and so with one, i.e. one behaves so and so: e-m ferr vel, ílla, etc., one behaves well, ill, etc.; honum hafa öll málin verst farit, he has behaved worst in the whole matter, Nj. 210; bezta ferr þér, Fms. vii. 33; vel mun þér fara, Nj. 55; at honum fari vel, 64; þer hefir vel farit til mín, Finnb. 238; e-m ferr vinveittliga, one behaves in a friendly way, Nj. 217; ferr þér þá bezt jafnan ok höfðinglegast er mest liggr við, 228; mun honum nokkurn veg vel f., Hrafn. 10; údrengiliga hefir þér farit til vár, Ld. 48; ferr þér illa, Nj. 57; hversu Gunnari fór, how (well) G. behaved, 119.

3. fara at e-u, to deal with a thing (i.e. proceed) so and so; svá skal at sókn fara, thus is the pleading to be proceeded with, Grág. i. 323; svá skal at því f. at beiða …, 7; fara at lögum, or úlögum at e-u, to proceed lawfully or unlawfully, 126; hversu at skyldi f., how they were to proceed, Nj. 114; fara mjúklega at, to proceed gently, Fms. vii. 18; hér skulu vér f. at með ráðum, to act with deliberation, Eg. 582; Flosi fór at öngu óðara (took matters calmly), en hann væri heima, Nj. 220.

β. impers. with dat., to do, behave; ílla hefir mér at farit, I have done my business badly, Hrafn. 8; veit Guð hversu hverjum manni mun at f., Fms. x. 212: in mod. phrases, to become, ironically, þér ferr það, or þér ferst það, it becomes thee, i.e. ’tis too bad of thee.

γ. hví ferr konungrinn nú svá (viz. at), Fms. i. 35; er slíkt úsæmiliga farit, so shamefully done, Nj. 82; hér ferr vænt at, here things go merrily, 232; karlmannliga er farit, manfully done, 144.

δ. to mind, care about; ekki ferr ek at, þótt þú hafir svelt þik til fjár, it does not matter to me, I do not care, though …, Nj. 18; ekki munu vit at því fara (never mind that), segir Helgi, 133.

ε. fara eptir, to be in proportion; hér eptir fór vöxtr ok afl, his strength and stature were in proportion, Clar.

4. fara með e-t, to wield, handle, manage; fór Hroptr með Gungni, H. wielded Gungni (the spear), Kormak; f. með Gríðar-völ, to wield the staff G., Þd. 9: as a law term, to wield, possess; fara með goðorð, to keep a goðorð, esp. during the session of parliament, Dropl. 8, Grág. and Nj. passim; fara með sök, to manage a lawsuit, Grág., Nj.; or, fara við sök, id., Nj. 86.

β. metaph. to practise, deal in; fara með rán, to deal in robbing, Nj. 73; fara með spott ok háð, to go sporting and mocking, 66; f. með fals ok dár, Pass. 16. 5; fara með galdra ok fjölkyngi, K.Þ.K. 76; f. með hindr-vitni, Grett. 111; cp. the phrase, farðu ekki með það, don’t talk such nonsense.

γ. to deal with, treat, handle; þú munt bezt ok hógligast með hann fara, thou wilt deal with him most kindly and most gently, Nj. 219; fara af hljóði með e-t, to keep matters secret, id.; Ingimundr fór vel með sögum (better than sögur, acc.), Ing. dealt well with stories, was a good historian. Sturl. i. 9.

δ. with dat.; fara með e-u, to do so and so with a thing, manage it; hversu þeir skyldi fara með vápnum sínum, how they were to do with their weapons, Fms. ix. 509; sá maðr er með arfinum ferr, who manages the arfr, Grág. i. 217; ef þeir fara annan veg með því fé, 216; fara með málum sínum, to manage one’s case, 46; meðan hann ferr svá með sem mælt er, 93; Gunnarr fór með öllu (acted in all) sem honum var ráð til kennt, Nj. 100; ef svá er með farit, Ld. 152; f. vel með sínum háttum, to bear oneself well, behave well, Eg. 65; Hrafn fór með sér vel, H. bore himself well, Fms. vi. 109; undarliga fara munkar þessir með sér, they behave strangely, 188; við förum kynlega með okkrum málum, Nj. 130; vant þyki mér með slíku at fara, difficult matters to have to do with, 75; f. málum á hendr e-m, to bring an action against one, Ld. 138; fara sókn (to proceed) sem at þingadómi, Grág. i. 463; fara svá öllu máli um sem …, 40, ii. 348; fara með hlátri ok gapi, to go laughing and scoffing, Nj. 220; cp. β above.

IV. fara um, yfir e-t, to pass over slightly; nú er yfir farit um landnám, shortly told, touched upon, Landn. 320; skjótt yfir at f., to be brief, 656 A. 12; fara myrkt um e-t, to mystify a thing, Ld. 322; fara mörgum orðum um e-t, to dilate upon a subject, Fbr. 124, Nj. 248, Fms. ix. 264.

β. in the phrase, fara höndum um e-t, to go with the hands about a thing, to touch it, Germ. befühlen, esp. medic. of a healing touch; jafnan fengu menn heilsubót af handlögum hans, af því er hann fór höndum um þá er sjúkir vóru, Játv. 24; ok pá fór hann höndum um hann, Bs. i. 644; þá lét Arnoddr fara aðra höndina um hann, ok fann at hann var berfættr ok í línklæðum. Dropl. 30; cp. fóru hendr hvítar hennar um þessar görvar, Fas. i. 248 (in a verse): note the curious mod. phrase, það fer að fara um mig, I began to feel uneasy, as from a cold touch or the like.

γ. impers. with dat.; eigi ferr þér nær Gunnari, en Merði mundi við þik, thou camest not nearer to G. than Mord would to thee, i.e. thou art just as far from being a match for G. as Mord is to thee, Nj. 37; þá ferr honum sem öðrum, it came to pass with him as with others, 172; þá mun mér first um fara, I shall fall much short of that, Fms. vi. 362; því betr er þeim ferr öllum verr at, the worse they fare the better I am pleased, Nj. 217.

V. reflex., esp. of a journey, to fare well; fórsk þeim vel, they fared well, Eg. 392, Fms. xi. 22; honum fersk vel vegrinn, he proceeded well on his journey, ii. 81; hafði allt farizt vel at, all had fared well, they had had a prosperous journey, Íb. 10; fórsk þeim þá seint um daginn, they proceeded slowly, Eg. 544; mönnum fórsk eigi vel um fenit, Fms. vii. 149; hversu þeim hafði farizk, Nj. 90; at þeim færisk vel, Ísl. ii. 343, 208, v.l.: the phrase, hamri fórsk í hægri hönd, he grasped the hammer in his right hand, Bragi; farask lönd undir, to subdue lands, Hkr. i. 134, v.l. (in a verse).

2. recipr., farask hjá, to go beside one another, miss one another, pass without meeting, Nj. 9; farask á mis, id., farask í móti, to march against one another, of two hosts; þat bar svá til at hvárigir vissu til annarra ok fórusk þó í móti, Fms. viii. 63, x. 46, Fas. ii. 515.

VI. part.,

1. act., koma farandi, to come of a sudden or by chance; þá kómu hjarðsveinar þar at farandi, some shepherds just came, Eg. 380; Moses kom farandi til fólksins, Sks. 574; koma inn farandi, 369, Fbr. 25.

2. pass. farinn, in the phrase, á förnum vegi, on ‘wayfaring,’ i.e. in travelling, passing by; finna e-n á förnum vegi, Nj. 258, K.Þ.K. 6; kveðja fjárins á förnum vegi, Grág. i. 403; also, fara um farinn veg, to pass on one’s journey; of the sun, sól var skamt farin, the sun was little advanced, i.e. early in the morning, Fms. xi. 267, viii. 146; þá var dagr alljós ok sól farin, broad day and sun high in the sky, Eg. 219; also impers., sól (dat.) var skamt farit, Úlf. 4. 10: the phrase, aldri farinn, stricken in years, Sturl. i. 212; vel farinn í andliti, well-favoured, Ld. 274; vel at orði farinn, well spoken, eloquent, Fms. xi. 193; mod., vel orði, máli farinn, and so Ld. 122; gone, þar eru baugar farnir, Grág. ii. 172; þó fætrnir sé farnir, Fas. iii. 308.

β. impers. in the phrase, e-m er þannig farit, one is so and so; veðri var þannig farit, at …, the winter was such, that …, Fms. xi. 34; veðri var svá farit at myrkt var um at litask, i.e. the weather was gloomy, Grett. 111; hversu landinu er farit, what is the condition of the country, Sks. 181; henni er þannig farit, at hón er mikil ey, löng …, (the island) is so shapen, that it is large and long, Hkr. ii. 188; er eigi einn veg farit úgæfu okkari, our ill-luck is not of one piece, Nj. 183: metaph. of state, disposition, character, er hánum vel farit, he is a well-favoured man, 15; undarliga er yðr farit, ye are strange men, 154; honum var svá farit, at hann var vesal-menni, Boll. 352: adding the prepp. at, til, þeim var úlíkt farit at í mörgu, they were at variance in many respects, Hkr. iii. 97; nú er annan veg til farit, now matters are altered, Nj. 226; nú er svá til farit, at ek vil …, now the case is, that I wish …, Eg. 714; hér er þannig til farit, … at leiðin, 582; þar var þannig til farit, Fms. xi. 34.

☞ Hence comes the mod. form varið (v instead of f), which also occurs in MSS. of the 15th century—veðri var svá varit, Sd. 181; ér honum vel varið, Lv. 80, Ld. 266, v.l.; svá er til varið, Sks. 223, 224,—all of them paper MSS. The phrase, e-m er nær farit, one is pressed; svá var honum nær farit af öllu samt, vökum ok föstu, he was nearly overcome from want of sleep and fasting.

B. Trans.

I. with acc.:

1. to visit; fara land herskildi, brandi, etc., to visit a land with ‘war-shield,’ fire, etc., i.e. devastate it; gékk siðan á land upp með liði sínu, ok fór allt herskildi, Fms. i. 131; land þetta mundi herskildi farit, ok leggjask undir útlenda höfðingja, iv. 357; (hann) lét Halland farit brandi, vii. 4 (in a verse); hann fór lvist eldi, 41 (in a verse); hann hefir farit öll eylönd brandi, 46 (in a verse); fara hungri hörund, to emaciate the body, of an ascetic, Sl. 71.

2. to overtake, with acc.; hann gat ekki farit hann, he could not overtake (catch) him, 623. 17; tunglit ferr sólina, the moon overtakes the sun, Rb. 116; áðr hana Fenrir fari, before Fenrir overtakes her, Vþm. 46, 47; knegut oss fálur fara, ye witches cannot take us, Hkv. Hjörv. 13; hann gat farit fjóra menn af liði Steinólfs, ok drap þá alla, … hann gat farit þá hjá Steinólfsdal, Gullþ. 29; hann reið eptir þeim, ok gat farit þá út hjá Svelgsá, milli ok Hóla, Eb. 180; Án hrísmagi var þeirra skjótastr ok getr farit sveininn, Ld. 242; viku þeir þá enn undan sem skjótast svá at Danir gátu eigi farit þá, Fms. (Knytl. S.) xi. 377 (MS., in the Ed. wrongly altered to náð þeim); hérinn hljóp undan, ok gátu hundarnir ekki farit hann (Ed. fráit wrongly), Fas. iii. 374; ok renna allir eptir þeim manni er víg vakti, … ok verðr hann farinn, Gþl. 146: cp. the phrase, vera farinn, to dwell, live, to be found here and there; þótt hann sé firr um farinn, Hm. 33.

II. with dat. to destroy, make to perish; f. sér, to make away with oneself; kona hans fór sér í dísar-sal, she killed herself, Fas. i. 527; hón varð stygg ok vildi fara sér, Landn. (Hb.) 55; ef þér gangit fyrir hamra ofan ok farit yðr sjálfir, Fms. viii. 53; hví ætla menn at hann mundi vilja f. sér sjálfr, iii. 59; fara lífi, fjörvi, öndu, id.; skal hann heldr eta, en fara öndu sinni, than starve oneself to death, K.Þ.K. 130; ok verðr þá þínu fjörvi um farit, Lv. 57, Ýt. 20, Fas. i. 426 (in a verse), cp. Hkv. Hjörv. 13; mínu fjörvi at fara, Fm. 5; þú hefir sigr vegit, ok Fáfni (dat.) um farit, 23; farit hafði hann allri ætt Geirmímis, Hkv. 1. 14; ok létu hans fjörvi farit, Sól. 22; hann hafði farit mörgum manni, O.H.L. 11.

β. to forfeit; fara sýknu sinni, Grág. i. 98; fara löndum ok lausafé, ii. 167.

2. reflex. to perish (but esp. freq. in the sense to be drowned, perish in the sea); farask af sulti, to die of hunger, Fms. ii. 226; fellr fjöldi manns í díkit ok farask þar, v. 281; fórusk sex hundruð Vinda skipa, xi. 369; alls fórusk níu menn, Ísl. ii. 385; mun heimr farask, Eluc. 43; þá er himin ok jörð hefir farisk, Edda 12; farask af hita, mæði, Fms. ix. 47; fórsk þar byrðingrinn, 307; hvar þess er menn farask, Grág. i. 219; heldr enn at fólk Guðs farisk af mínum völdum, Sks. 732: of cattle, ef fé hins hefir troðisk eðr farisk á þá lund sem nú var tínt, Grág. ii. 286.

β. metaph., fersk nú vinátta ykkur, your friendship is done with, Band. 12.

γ. the phrase, farask fyrir, to come to naught, Nj. 131; at síðr mun fyrir farask nokkut stórræði, Ísl. ii. 340; en fyrir fórusk málagjöldin af konungi, the payment never took place, Fms. v. 278; lét ek þetta verk fyrir farask, vii. 158; þá mun þat fyrir farask, Fs. 20; en fyrir fórsk þat þó þau misseri, Sd. 150: in mod. usage (N.T.), to perish.

δ. in act. rarely, and perhaps only a misspelling: frá því er féit fór (fórsk better), K.Þ.K. 132; fóru (better fórusk, were drowned) margir Íslenzkir menn, Bs. i. 436.

3. part. farinn, as adj. gone, undone; nú eru vér farnir, nema …, Lv. 83; hans tafl var mjök svá farit, his game was almost lost, Fas. i. 523; þá er farnir vóru forstöðumenn Tróju, when the defenders of Troy were dead and gone, Ver. 36; tungl farit, a ‘dead moon,’ i.e. new moon, Rb. 34; farinn af sulti ok mæði, Fms. viii. 53; farinn at e-u, ruined in a thing, having lost it; farnir at hamingju, luckless, iv. 73; f. at vistum, xi. 33; f. at lausa-fé; iii. 117: in some cases uncertain whether the participle does not belong to A.

far-ald, n. [A.S. fareld], a journey, only in the phrase, hverju faraldi, how, by what means, expressing wonder at one’s appearance, escape, or the like; mátti þat engi maðr vita hverju f. þangat mundi farit hafa, Bs. i. 338, Rd. 235, Sturl. iii. 219, Fs. 147 (where wrongly fem.), Mar. 98.

far-aldr, m. (neut. Fb. l.c.), medic. pestilence, cp. Bs. i. 662 (the verse), Fb. i. 583 (the verse): in mod. usage plague, among animals.

farand-kona, u, f. a beggar-woman, Nj. 66; vide fara A. I. 2.

far-angr, m., gen. rs, luggage, Ísl. ii. 362, Fbr. 140.

farar-, vide för, a journey.

far-bann, n. a stopping of trade, an embargo, Eg. 403, Fms. vii. 285, ii. 127, Ann. 1243, Bs. i. 510.

far-bauti, a, m. a ‘ship-beater,’ destroyer, an ogre, Fms. xi. 146: mythol. a giant, the father of Loki, Edda.

far-beini, a, m. furthering one’s journey, Eg. 482, v.l.; better forbeini.

far-borði, a, m. a ship’s board or bulwark above water when loaded, cp. Grág. ii. 399; hence the metaph. phrase, sjá (or leita) sér farborða, to take precautions, so as to get safe and sound out of a danger, Fms. vi. 430, vii. 142, v.l.

far-búinn, part. ‘boun’ to sail (or depart), Hkr. iii. 193.

far-búnaðr, m. equipment of a ship, 673. 61.

far-dagar, m. pl. flitting days, four successive days in spring, at the end of May (old style), in which householders in Icel. changed their abode; this use is very old, cp. Glúm. ch. 26, Grág. Þ.Þ. ch. 56, Edda 103, Bs. i. 450, the Sagas and laws passim; hence

fardaga-helgi, f. the Sunday in fardagar, Grág. ii. 12;

fardaga-leiti and fardaga-skeið, n. the time of fardagar, Ísl. ii. 26.

FARÐI, a, m. [Fr. fard; Old Engl. fard. farding; Norse fare, Ivar Aasen], scum (in milk, curds), and

farða, að, to have scum formed on it.

far-drengr, m. a sea-faring man, Edda 107, Fms. ii. 23, Þorf. Karl. 402.

FARFI, a, m. [Germ. farbe], colour, (modern and scarcely used.)

far-flótti, adj. fugitive, exiled, Hkr. i. 252: with gen., Fas. iii. 103.

far-fúss, adj. eager for departing, Bs. ii. 35, 130.

far-fýsi, f. eagerness to depart or travel, Fms. iii. 45, Fs. 46.

FARG, n. [cp. Ulf. fairguni—a mountain], a press, press-weight; vera undir fargi, to be under a press, Bjarni 132.

farga, að,

I. with acc. to press, Hom. 152, Bs. ii. 118.

II. with dat. to destroy, make away with, Bb. 1. 7.

farga, u, f. [for. word, cp. farga. Du Cange], a sort of stuff, Pm. 6.

far-gögn, n. pl. luggage, Nj. 266: sing., Stj. 367.

far-görvi, n. travelling gear, Eg. 727, Edda 110.

far-hirðir, m. a ferryman, Gþl. 415, Hbl. 52 (fé-hírðir MS.)

fari, m. a sea-farer, in compds,

Dyflinnar-fari, a Dublin trader;

Englands-fari, an English seaman, Baut. 387, Rafn 217, Fms. vi. 240;

Hlymreks-fari, a Limerick seaman, Landn.;

Hallands-fari;

Hólmgards-fari, one who trades to Holmgard;

Jórsala-fari (a traveller to Jerusalem). Fms., Ann.

far-kona, u, f. a beggar-woman, Sturl. ii. 108.

farkonu-sótt, f., medic. erysipelas (?), Ann. 1240.

far-kostr, m. [Swed.-Norse farkost; Scot. farcost], a ferry-boat, a ship, Fms. vi. 219, Edda 48, Grág. ii. 130, Fb. i. 546, Ver. 8, Thom. 29.

far-lami, adj. lame and unable to go, Bs. i. 303.

far-land, n., poët. the land of ships, the sea, Lex. Poët., cp. Og. 31.

far-leiga, u, f. passage-money, Gþl. 415.

far-lengd, f. travels, journey, Bs. i. 450, 758. Fms. v. 273. Thom. 173.

far-leysi,† n. miscarriage, opp. to farsæld, Art. 4.

far-ligr, adj. comfortable: farlig sæng, a soft bed, Vellekla.

far-ljós, f. adj. light enough for travelling, of the night, Eg. 88, Fbr. 97 new Ed.

far-lög, n. pl. nautical law, Grág. ii. 399.

far-maðr, m. a seaman, sea-faring man, Landn. 180, Bs. i. 66, Nj. 61, Eg. 154, Fms. i. 11, iv. 124, 174. Þorst. hv. 44, Grág. i. 190.

compds:

farmanna-búðir, f. pl. merchant booths. K.Þ.K. 34.

farmanna-lög, n. pl. = farlög, Jb. 7.

far-móðr, adj. weary from travelling, Fms. ix. 233, v. 288.

FARMR, m. a fare, freight, cargo, Jb. 411, Eg. 129, Band. 5, Fms. iv. 259, Grág. ii. 395: metaph. a load in general, vide Lex. Poët.: in the Edda, Odin is Farma-guð and Farma-týr, m. the god and helper of loads,—he also was invoked by sailors; skips-farmr, a ship’s freight: viðar-farmr, timbr-farmr, korn-farmr, hey-farmr, etc., a load of wood, timber, corn, hay, etc.

farnaðr and förnuðr, m., gen. ar, furtherance, speed; tíl farnaðar mér ok til ferðar, Grág. ii. 21, Skv. 1. 8, Fms. viii. 31;

ú-farnaðr, bad speed;

þar til hon kynni sér f., till she knew how to speed in the world, Ld. 116.

far-nagli, a, m. the water-peg in a ship’s bottom, in mod. usage negla, Edda (Gl.); cp. var-nagli.

farnask, að, dep. to speed well, Fms. iv. 56.

far-nest, n. viands. Eb. 196, Skálda 173.

farning, f. a ferrying over, passage; veita e-m f., Pd. 16, K.Þ.K. 24, Glúm. 371, Fbr. 158, Sturl. i. 18. Ísl. ii. 386, Grág. i. 98.

far-rek, n. shipwreck, in a metaph. sense; þat hafði Þórði orðit til farreks, at hestar hans báðir vóru í brottu, i.e. Th. was wrecked, in that he had lost both his ponies, Ísl. ii. 318; skulu vér frændr þínir veita þér styrk til þess at þú komir aldri síðan í slíkt f., in such a strait, Fms. iv. 270.

FARRI, a, m. [A.S. fearr; Germ. farre = a bullock], a bullock, Ýt. 14, Edda (Gl.)

β. [farri, Ivar Aasen], a landlouper, vagrant, Clar. (Fr.)

compd:

farra-fleinn, m. prop. a landlouper; Alm. 5 spells fjarra-fleinn, N.G.L. ii. 154, v.l. fira-fleinn, both wrongly as it seems, cp. farra-trjóna, f. ‘bullock-snout,’ Ýt. l.c., cp. also Germ. farren-schwanz and farren-kope (Grimm); the verse in Alm. 5 is probably addressed to the dwarf, not (as in the Edd.) the dwarf’s own words.

far-serkr, m. travelling sark or jacket, a nickname, Landn.

far-skip, n. a ferry-boat, Gþl. 416.

far-snilli, f. nautical art, Fb. iii. 385.

far-sumar, n. the season for sea-faring, Ann.

far-synjan, f. refusing to ferry one, Hbl. 59.

far-sæla, u, f., prop. good speed (in travelling); but only used metaph. good speed, prosperity, happiness, freq. in that use, esp. in eccl. sense, 623. 52. Stj. 327; f. þessa heims, Hom. 29, 76. Fms. i. 104, vi. 155, x. 276, 409.

far-sælask, d, dep. to speed, have luck, Fs. 34.

far-sæld, f. = farsæla; friðr ok f., peace and happiness, Fms. xi. 438, Barl. 62: in pl., 655 xxxii. 9;

ó-farsæld, misfortune.

far-sæll, adj. speeding well in voyages; svá f. at hann kaus sér jafnan höfn, Korm. 140; þat er mælt at þú sért maðr farsælli en aðrir menn flestir, Fb. iii. 385: farsælli en aðrir menn, Band. 5, Barl. 195: of a ship, farsælla en hvert annarra, Fs. 27 (obsolete).

2. metaph. prosperous, very freq., esp. in eccl. sense:

ó-farsæll, unhappy.

far-sælligr, adj. (far-liga, adv.), prosperous. Fms. ii. 36, v. 37.

far-tálmi, a, m. hinderance in one’s journey, Gþl. 417, Al. 61.

far-tekja, u, f. taking a passage in a ship, Jb. 377, N.G.L. i. 58.

far-tíðr, m. a ferry-boat, Germ. fahrzeug (poët.), Edda (Gl.)

far-vegr, m. a track, Fms. v. 225, ix. 366, xi. 316; manna f., a track of men, Gþl. 538, Stj. 71: metaph., Sks. 565 B.

2. a ‘fair way,’ a channel, bed of a river, Landn. 65, Grág. ii. 281, Stj. 230, Fms. iv. 360 (freq.)

3. a road, journey; langr f., Fms. xi. 16, v. 225.

far-viðr, m. [farvid, Ivar Aasen], faggots, Björn.

far-vísi† (?), a happy voyage; uggir mik at ferð þín sé farleysi en eigi farvísi, Art. 4.

far-þegi, a, m. [þiggja], a passenger, Finnb. 278, Ann. 1425, Ld. 86, 112, Bs. ii. 47, Fas. ii. 171.

FAS, n. gait, bearing; Icel. say, vera hægr, stilltr í fasi, or

fas-góðr, fas-prúðr, adj. of gentle gait and bearing;

fas-mikill, adj. rushing:

this word, though in freq. use at the present time, seems never to occur in old writers, unless it be in arga-fas, q.v.: the etymology is uncertain, perhaps from Engl. fashion, face; it seems at all events to be of foreign origin; at the time of Pal Vídalín it was in full use, cp. Skýr. 90.

fasi, a, m. a nickname, Fms. x. 27.

FASTA, u, f. [Ulf. fastubni; O.H.G. fastá; Germ. faste; Swed. fasta; Dan. faste; a word introduced along with Christianity; the old Scandinavians could have no such word, as voluntary fasting was unknown in the heathen rites, and at the first introduction of Christianity the practice was sorely complained of, cp. Hkr. Hák. S. Góða, ch. 17]:

—a fast, fasting, Hom. 73, K.Þ.K. 122, Rb. 82; the word therefore occurs first in poets of the beginning of the 11th century, e.g. Fms. vi. 86, cp. boð-fasta, lög-fasta, etc.

compds:

föstu-afbrigð, f. breaking the fast, K.Á. 192.

föstu-bindandi, f. abstinence in fasting, Stj. 147.

föstu-dagr, m. a fast-day, K.Á. 186, 187, Nj. 165; the Icel. name of Friday, Rb. 112, Grág. i. 146; Föstudagr Langi, Good Friday, Nj. 158.

Föstudags-nótt, f. Friday night, K.Þ.K. 122.

Föstu-kveld, n. Friday evening, Fms. vii. 159, Nj. 187.

föstu-matr, m. fast-day food, Sturl. i. 139, Fms. iv. 283, v.l.

Föstu-morgin, m. Friday morning, Orkn. 370.

Föstu-nátt, f. Friday night, Nj. 186: fast-nights, K.Þ.K. 122.

föstu-tíð, f. fast-time, Fms. v. 199, K.Þ.K. 134, Am. 37.

föstu-tími, a, m. fast-time, Stj. 148.

II. Lent, Fms. viii. 28, Ld. 320, N.G.L. i. 12; distinction is made between the Easter Lent, (sjö-vikna Fasta, seven weeks Lent, also called langa F., the long Fast, K.Þ.K. 122, Bs. i. 801, and passim; níu-vikna F., the nine weeks Lent, K.Þ.K. 122, Grág. i. 325), and Jóla-fasta, (the Yule Lent, the time from Advent to Yule, Grág. l.c., Rb. 46, K.Þ.K. 124.)

Föstu-gangr or Föstu-ígangr and föstu-inngangr, m. beginning of these seasons, esp. Lent; fimm eru föstu-ígangar, Clem. 58, Sturl. iii. 81, Rb. 4 (v.l.), 48, 76.

Föstu-prédikan, f. a Lenten sermon.

Föstu-tjald, n. hangings used in churches during Lent, Vm. 52, 109.

fasta, að, to fast:

1. eccl., Hom. 71, 73, Ld. 200, K.Á. 160, Bs. passim, Fms. ii. 250, N.G.L. i. 141, 144.

2. secular; af fastanda manns munni, Sks. 450, Lækn. 471.

fasta, adv. = fastlega, Lex. Poët.

fasta-eign, mod. fast-eign, f. landed property, Stj. 224, H.E. ii. 85, 223.

fasta-far, n., í fastafari, eagerly, Th. 76, Stj. 287, 291.

fasta-land, n. the mainland (Germ. festes land), opp. to ey-land.

fast-aldi, a, m. a cognom., Landn., prop. of a bear.

fastendi (fastyndi), n. pl. surety, N.G.L. i. 449, H.E. i. 247.

fast-eygr, adj. firm-eyed, Sturl. ii. 133, Bs. i. 127.

fast-garðr, m. a fastness, stronghold, Fas. i. 266.

fast-haldr, adj. fast-holding, tenacious, saving, Fms. x. 409.

β. as subst. a key, Edda (Gl.): a shackle, Fastaldr var á Fenri lagðr, Mkv.

fast-heitinn, adj. true to one’s word, Sturl. iii. 122.

fast-heldi, f. tenacity, perseverance, Stj. 155, Fb. ii. 14.

fast-hendr, adj. close-fisted, Sks. 440.

FASTI, a, m., poët. fire, Lex. Poët., root uncertain: the phrase, færa e-n í fasta, to bring one into a strait, ‘between two fires,’ Þd.

fast-liga, adv. firmly, strongly, Sks. 374.

β. metaph., Hom. 114, Fms. v. 217, Fas. i. 4; trúa f., to believe firmly, Fms. v. 242; bjóða f., Stj. 54: e-t horfir f., it looks hard, unyielding, difficult, Lv. 94; vera f. kominn, to be fast shut up, Eg. 519, Ld. 52.

fast-ligr, adj. fast, firm, strong, Stj. 26, Sturl. iii. 140, Bs. i. 517.

fast-lyndr, adj. strong-minded, Finnb. 210.

fast-máll, adj. trusty.

fast-mæli, n. a fast engagement, Fms. i. 206, iii. 85, vii. 164, Bjarn. 58.

fast-mæltr, adj. hard-speaking.

fastna, að, to pledge; f. lögbót, K.Þ.K. 24.

β. esp. to betroth, to give the bride away at the betrothal, Grág. i. 302 sqq.; fastnaði Mörðr Rúti dóttur sína, Nj. 3, 51, Band. 3, Ísl. ii. 8, 163, 206, Ld. 22.

γ. reflex. to be betrothed, given awav. Fms. x. 284.

fastnaðr, m. betrothal, H.E. i. 246, 247; vide festar.

fastnandi, part. a betrother, one who gives a bride away, Grág. i. 305.

fast-næmr, adj. fast, firm, trusty, Dropl. 6, Valla L. 208, Fs. 13.

fast-ofinn, part. stout, of stuff, Lex. Poët.

fast-orðr, adj. true to one’s word, Fms. vi. 52, vii. 120.

FASTR, adj. [wanting in Ulf., who renders βέβαιος etc. by tulgus; but common to all other Teut. idioms; A.S. fæst; Engl. fast; O.H.G. fasti; Germ. fest; Swed.-Dan. fast]:

—fast, firm, esp. with the notion of sticking fast to the spot; hrútr f. (held fast, entangled) á meðal viða, 655 vii. 2; fastr á velli, standing fast, e.g. in a battle, Fms. xi. 246; vera, standa f. fyrir, to stand fast, Þorst. St. 53; f. á fótum, of a bondsman whose feet are bound fast to the soil, Grág. ii. 192, Nj. 27: grið-fastr, home-bound, of a servant: the phrase, e-t er fast fyrir, a thing is hard to win, difficult, Lv. 94, Fms. xi. 32, Ld. 154.

β. fast, close; f. í verkum, hard at work, Grág. i. 135 (Ed. 1853); þeir menn allir er í dómi sitja eðr í gögnum eru fastir, engaged, 488; fastr ok fégjarn, close and covetous, Fms. x. 420; f. af drykk, Sturl. iii. 125.

γ. of a meeting; þá er sóknar-þing er fast, i.e. during the session, Grág. i. 422: sam-fastr, fast together, continuous, 156; á-fastr, q.v.

δ. firm; metaph., fast heit, loforð, etc., a fast, faithful promise, word, Eg. 29; föst trú, fast faith, cp. stað-fastr, steadfast; geð-fastr, trú-fastr, vin-fastr, etc.

ε. bound to pay; at aurum eigi meirum en hann var fastr, to the amount of his debt, N.G.L. i. 36.

ζ. gramm., fast atkvæði, a hard syllable ending in a double consonant, Skálda 171.

2. neut. in various phrases; sitja fast, to sit fast, Sks. 372; standa fast, to stand fast, Edda 33; halda f., to hold fast, Fms. i. 159; binda fast, to bind fast, Ísl. ii. 103, Fas. i. 530; liggja fast, to be fast set, steadfast, of the eyes, Sturl. ii. 189; drekka fast, to drink hard, Fms. ii. 259; sofa fast, to be fast asleep, i. 9; þegja fast, to be dumb, not say a word, 655 xxxi A. 4; leita fast eptir, to urge, press hard, Ld. 322; fylgja fast, to follow fast, Dropl. 26, Fas. ii. 505; eldask fast, to age fast, Eb. 150; ryðjask um fast, to make a hard onslaught, Nj. 9; leggja fast at, to close with one in a sea-fight, Fms. ii. 312, hence fastr bardagi, a close engagement, Róm. 272; telja fast á e-n, to give one a severe lesson, Fms. ii. 119.

β. as adv., hyrndr fast, very much horned, Lv. 69.

γ. the phrase, til fasta, fast, firmly; ráða, mæla, heita til f., to make a firm agreement, Bjarn. 61, Band. 20, Fms. ii. 125; cp. the mod. phrase, fyrir fullt ok fast, definitively.

FASTR, n. the prey of a bear which he drags into his lair; cp. Ivar Aasen s.v. fastra, of a bear, to drag a carcase into his lair (Norse); hence the phrase, liggja á fasti, of a wild beast devouring its prey, Landn. 235 (of a white bear). Icel. now say, liggja á pasti, and in metaph. sense pastr, vigour, energy; pastrs-lauss, weak, feeble, etc.

fast-ráðinn, part. determined, Eg. 9. 19, Fms. ix. 252.

fast-ríki, n. a strong, fast rule, Ver. 54.

fast-tekið, part. n. resolved, Fms. ii. 265.

fast-tækr, adj. headstrong, stubborn, Fms. ii. 220, Glúm. 323.

fast-úðigr, adj. staunch, firm, Fms. vii. 102, viii. 447, v.l.

fastúð-ligr, adj. = fastúðigr, Hkr. iii. 252.

fast-vingr, adj. a fast friend, Þiðr. 20, = vinfastr.

FAT, n., pl. föt, [as to the root, cp. Germ. fassen = to compass, which word is unknown to Icel.; A.S. fæt; Old Engl. fat, mod. vat; O.H.G. faz; Germ. fass; Dan. fad; Swed. fat]:

—a vat; kona vildi bera vatn, en hafði ekki fatið, Bs. ii. 24: eitt fat (basket) með vínberjum, G. H. M. iii. 98; vín ok hunang í fötum fullum, N.G.L. iii. 122.

β. luggage, baggage; bera föt sín á skip, Jb. 406; bera föt á land, Eg. 393; elti Hákon á land ok tók hvert fat þeirra, Fms. vii. 215; hafa hvert fat á skipi, vi. 37, Grág. ii. 59; fyrr en hann fari á brot ór vist með föt sín frá bóanda, i. 300.

2. in pl. clothes, dress; hann hafði föt sín í fangi sér, en sjálfr var hann naktr, Lv. 60, Bs. ii. 47, Hrafn. 23: metaph., falla ór fötum, to be stripped, forgotten, 655 xxxi. 1.

compds:

fata-búningr, m. apparel, 656 C. 24.

fata-búr, n. [Swed. fata-bur; Dan. fade-bur], wardrobe, Stj. 205, Grett. 160, 44 new Ed., Bs. i. 840.

fata-görvi, n. luggage, gear, Eg. 727.

fata-hestr, m. a pack-horse, Flór. 77.

fata-hirzla, u, f. wardrobe, Grág.

fata-hrúga, u, f. a heap of clothes, Landn. 179, Grett. 176 new Ed.

fata-kista, u, f. a clothes-chest, Rd. 314, Sturl. i. 10.

fats-töturr, m. tatters, Bs. i. 506.

fata, u, f. a pail, bucket, Fb. i. 258, Bs. ii. 24, N.G.L. i. 30, Stj. 394;

vatns-fata, a pail of water, freq. in western Icel.; in the east of Icel. usually skjóla, q.v.

fötu-barmr, m. the rim of a pail, etc.

fata, að, to clothe (mod.): to step = feta, Bs. i. 291.

fat-kanna, u, f. a vat, Dipl. v. 18.

fatlaðr, part. impeded; fjötri fatlaðr, fettered, Bkv. 16: in mod. usage, impeded as to the limbs, e.g. lame.

fat-lauss, adj. without luggage, Fas. iii. 537.

β. without clothes, Karl. 534.

fatl-byrðr, f. [fetill], a burden fastened with straps, N.G.L. i. 380.

fatli, a, m., bera hönd í fatla, to have one’s arm tied up, vide fetill.

fatnaðr, m. clothing, Fms. x. 379, 655 x. 2.

fat-prúðr, adj. dressy, Hom. 97, 656 C. 24.

fat-prýði, f. dressiness, Greg. 24.

fatr, n. impediment, delay, Mork. 109; cp. fjöturr.

fatrask, að, dep. to be entangled and puzzled, Mork. 106.

FATTR, adj. bowed backward; standa fattr, opp. to lútr.

β. slender, of the fingers; fatta hafði hann fingr og smá, Snót 202; fingr fattir ok at öllu vel vaxnir, Þiðr. 6, v.l., freq. in mod. usage; cp. fetta.

fatt-skolptaðr, part. with upturned snout, of the hippopotamus, Stj. 78.

FAUSKR, m. (fouski, a, m., Hom. 152), a rotten dry log, esp. dug out of the earth; fausk ok fúka, Barl. 206; f. ok stofna, Grág. ii. 297, Jb. 239, Bs. ii. 183, Barl. 134;

fauska-gröptr, m. digging dry logs out of the earth for fuel, Landn. 303.

II. metaph. of an old man, ertú náliga f. einn, Róm. 195; sem fúinn f., Karl. 361. Hom. l.c.;

karl-fauskr, an old man.

FAUTI, a, m. a headstrong man, hence

fauta-legr, adj. frantic, headstrong;

fauta-skapr, m. frenzy.

FAX, n. [A.S. feax], a mane, Edda 7, Sks. 100, El. 29:

poët., vallar-fax, the field’s mane, the wood, Alm. 29.

faxaðr, part. = fextr, matted, Al. 168.

faxi, a, m., freq. name of a horse, cp. Sturl. iii. 155; Skin-faxi, Hrím-faxi, Edda; Frey-faxi, Hrafn.; Gló-faxi, etc.

FÁ, pret. sing. fékk, sometimes spelt feck or fieck, pl. fengu; pres. fæ, 2nd pers. fær, mod. færð, pl. fám, mod. fáum; pret. subj. fengja, mod. fengi; pres. fá, mod. fái; imperat. fá; sup. fengit; part. fenginn: the forms fingit, finginn, and pret. fingu (cp. Germ. fingen) are obsolete, but occur in some MSS. (e.g. Arna-Magn. 132 and 122 A): the poets rhyme—Erlingr var þar finginn; with the neg. suff., fær-at, fékk-at, Lex. Poët.: [Goth. fahan and gafahan = πιάζειν, καταλαμβάνειν; A.S. fón; Hel. fâhan; Germ. fahen, whence fahig = capax; in the Germ., however, the nasal form fangen prevailed, but in the Scandin., Swed., and Dan. få or faae; the Dan. fange is mod. and borrowed from Germ.; Icel. fanga is rare and unclass. and only used in the sense to capture, whereas fá is a standing word; the ng reappears in pl. pret. and part. pass. fengu, fengit, vide above; cp. Old Engl. fet, mod. fetch]:

—to fetch, get, etc.

1. to fetch, catch, seize; fengu þeir Gunnar, they fetched, caught G., Akv. 18; Hildibrandr gat fengit kirkju-stoðina, Sturl. i. 169; hón hefir fengit einn stein, she has fetched a stone, Ísl. ii. 394; fá á e-u, to get hold of, grasp with the hand, faðir Móða fékk á þremi, Hým. 34.

β. also, fá í e-t, to grasp; fengu í snæri, they grasped the bow-strings, bent the bow, Am. 42; hann fékk í öxl konungi, he seized the king’s shoulder, Fms. viii. 75.

γ. to take, capture, but rare except in part.; hafði greifi Heinrekr fengit Valdimar, Fms. ix. 324; verða fanginn, to be taken, Germ. gefangen werden, i. 258, Stj. 396.

2. to get, gain, win, with acc. of the thing; sá fær er frjár, he who wooes will win (a proverb), Hm. 91; hann skal fá af Svart-álfum, he shall get, obtain from S., Edda 69; fá brauð, mat, drykk, Fms. x. 18; þat fékk hann eigi af föður sínum, xi. 14; bað konunnar ok fékk heitið hennar, he wooed the woman and got her hand, Edda 23; fá sitt eyrindi, to get one’s errand done, Fms. i. 75; fa fljóðs ást, to win a woman’s love, Hm. 91; fá hærra hlut, to get the better, 40; ek ætla at fá at vera yðvarr farþegi, Ld. 112; hence fá, or fá leyfi, to get leave to do a thing: eg fæ það, fékk það ekki, fá að fara, etc.: Icel. also say, eg fæ það ekki af mér, I cannot bring myself to do it.

β. to suffer, endure; fá úsigr, to get the worst of it, Fms. iv. 218; sumir fengu þetta (were befallen) hvern sjaunda vetr, Sks. 113; fá skaða, to suffer a loss, Hkr. ii. 177; fá úvit, to fall senseless, Nj. 195; fá líflát, to fall lifeless, Grág. i. 190; fá bana, to come by one’s death, Nj. 110.

γ. fá góðar viðtökur, to get a good reception, Eg. 460, 478, Fms. iv. 219; sá mun sæll er þann átrúnað fær, blessed is he that gets hold of that faith, Nj. 156; hann hafði fingit úgrynni fjár, Fms. xi. 40; fá skilning á e-u, to get the knowledge of a thing, i. 97.

3. to get, procure; þá fékk konungr sveitar-höfðingja þá er honum sýndisk, Eg. 272; ek skal fá mann til at biðja hennar, Fs. 88; þeir fengu menn til at ryðja skip, they got men to clear the ship, Nj. 163; mun ek fá til annann mann at göra þetta, I will get another man to do it, 53; fá sér bjargkvið, Grág. i. 252; hann fékk sér gott kván-fang, Fms. i. 11; fám oss ölteiti nökkura, let us get some sport, vii. 119; fá sér (e-m) fari, to take a passage, vide far; fengu þeir ekki af mönnum, they could fetch no men, ix. 473; þeir hugðusk hafa fengit (reached) megin-land, vii. 113.

4. fá at veizlu, blóti, to get provisions for a feast, etc.; hann fékk at blóti miklu, Landn. 28; lét Þorri fá at blóti, Orkn. 3; Þórólfr Mostrar-skegg fékk at blóti miklu, Eb. 8; er fengit at mikilli veizlu, Fas. i. 242; var síðan at samkundu fingit, a meeting was brought about, 623. 52; sá dagr er at Jólum skal fá, the day when preparations are to be made for Yule, K.Þ.K. 110, hence atfanga-dagr, the day before a feast, q.v.; þá var fengit at seið, Hkr. Yngl. S. ch. 17.

II. to give, deliver to one, put into one’s hands; hér er eitt sverð, er ek vil fá þér, Ísl. ii. 44; fá mér (fetch me, give me) leppa tvá ór hári þínu, Nj. 116; þá er keisarinn hafði fingit honum til föru-neytis, Fms. xi. 40; konungr fær honum veizlur, Eg. 27; horn þat er Bárðr hafði fingit Ölvi, 207; fáit nú konungi festu (give the king bail) þá er honum líki, Fms. iv. 268; fá e-m sök, to charge one, Sks. 708; var sá sveinn fenginn í hendr okkr, delivered into our hands, Fms. i. 113; fékk hann búit í hendr Valgerði, iii. 24, Nj. 4; honum fékk hverr maðr penning til, Íb. 5; hon fékk biskupinum tuttugu mánaða mataból, B.K. 125; fá e-m e-t at geyma, to give a thing into one’s charge, Stj. 177; fá þá sonum þínum í hendr til geymslu, id.

III. metaph. with a following pass. part. or sup. to be able to do; hón fær með engu móti vakit þá, she could by no means awaken them, Fms. i. 9; þú fékkt ekki leikit þat er mjúkleikr var í, vii. 119; þeir munu mik aldri fá sótt, they will never be able to overcome me, Nj. 116; ok fáit þér hann eigi veiddan, if you cannot catch him, 102; hann fékk engi knút leyst, Edda 29; fengu þeir honum ekki náð, they could not catch him, Fagrsk. 167; at Vagn mun fá yfir-kominn Sigvalda, that V. will overcome S., Fms. xi. 96: skulu vér þá freista at vér fáim drepit þá, i. 9; skaltú hvergi fá undan hokat, thou shalt have no chance of sneaking away, xi. 61; fá gaum gefinn at e-u, to take heed to a thing. Fas. ii. 517; menn fingu hvergi rétt hann né hafit, Eg. 396; at þeir mundu komit fá til lands hvalnum, Grág. ii. 381; en fékk þó eigi víss orðit …, but he could not make out for certain …, Fms. x. 170.

β. to grow, get, become; Hjörleif rak vestr fyrir land, ok fékk hann vatnfátt, he became short of water, Landn. 34: of travellers, to fall in with, etc., þar fengu þeir keldur blautar mjök, they got into bogs, Eb. 266; þeir fengu hvergi blautt um Valbjarnar-völlu, Sturl. ii. 50; fengu þeir veðr stór, they met with foul weather, Eg. 160.

IV. with gen.,

1. to take, gain, earn, win; renna þeir á land upp, ok fá mikils fjár, Fms. v. 164; þeir fengu fjár mikils, they took a rich booty, Nj. 137; gáðu þeir eigi fyrir veiðum at fá heyjanna, ok dó allt kvikfé þeirra um vetrinu, Landn. 30; vel er þess fengit, it is well earned, well done, 7; nú mun ek fara þessa ferð ef þú vill; hann segir, vel er þess fengit, well done, said he, Fas. ii. 517; hann var eigi skáld, ok hann hafði eigi þeirrar listar fengit, he had not got that gift, Fb. i. 214; at þá mundi þykkja fengit betr, people would think that it suited better, Nj. 75; fá verðar, to take a meal, Hm. 33; hann fékk sér sveitar (raised a band) ok görðisk illvirki, 623. 15: but chiefly in the phrase, fá konu, to get a wife, marry; Haraldr fékk þeirrar konu, Fms. i. 4; at ek munda fá þín, that I should get thy hand, Nj. 24; betr er þá séð fyrir kosti systur minnar at þú fáir hennar (gen., i.e. that thou marry her), en víkingar fái hana (acc., i.e. to fetch, capture her) at herfangi, Fs. 8; hón var átján vetra er Þorsteinn fékk hennar, Ísl. ii. 191.

2. to conceive, of sheep, cattle; fá burðar, Stj. 97; er hann (sauðrinn) fær lambs, Skálda 162: absol., við þeim hafði hón (the mare) fengit, Landn. 195; at eigi fái ær við, Grág. i. 418, (cp. fang, fetus.)

3. denoting to affect, touch, etc.; þat fékk mikils hinum hertekna menni, it touched much the captive, Orkn. 368: svá fékk honum mikils, at hans augu vóru full af tárum, Fms. i. 139; henni fékk þetta mikillar áhyggju, it caused her great care, iv. 181; fær honum þat mikillar áhyggju ok reiði. Nj. 174; nú fær mér ekka (gen.) orð þat þú mælir, Skv. 1. 20; fá e-m hlægis, to make one a laughing-stock, Hm. 19: even with acc. or an adv., þá fær Þorbirni svá mjök (Th. was so much moved) at hann grætr, Hrafn. 13.

β. fá á e-n, to affect, chiefly of intoxicating liquors; er drykkr fékk á Hákon jarl, when the drink told on earl Hacon, Magn. 508; fær á þá mjök drykkrinn, Fms. xi. 108; aldregi drakk ek vín eðr annan drykk svá at á mik megi fá, Stj. 428; en er á leið daginn ok drykkr fékk á menn, Fms. vii. 154; drykkr hefir fengit yðr í höfuð, Fas. i. 318; á-fengr or á-fenginn, q.v.

γ. opt fá á (entice) horskan, er á heimskan né fá, lostfagrir lítir, Hm. 92.

V. impers. to be got, to be had, cp. Germ. es giebt; vápn svá góð, at eigi fær önnur slík (acc.), so good, that the like are not to be got, Nj. 44; at varla fái vitrara mann, a wiser man is hardly to be found, Sks. 13; eigi fær þat ritað, it cannot be recorded, viz. being so voluminous, Fms. viii. 406; þat skip fær vel varit eldi, that ship can well be guarded against fire, ix. 368; svá mikill herr at varla fékk talit, a host so great that it could hardly be numbered, xi. 261 (Ed. fékst wrongly).

VI. reflex. in the phrase, fásk í e-u, to be busy, exert oneself in a matter; drottningin mátti þar ekki í fásk, Fms. x. 102; Helgi leitaði þá ef Sigurðr vildi í fásk við Þorvald, if S. would try with Th., Fb. i. 379; vildir þú fásk í því sem þér er ekki lánat, 215; segir hana ljúga ok fásk í rógi, (and deal in slander) fyrir höfðingjum, Karl. 552.

β. fásk við e-n, to struggle against; ef nokkut væri þat er hann mætti við fásk, which he could try, Grett. 74 new Ed.: to wrestle with, skaltú fásk við blámann várn, Ísl. ii. 444; um fangit er þú fékksk við Elli, when thou strugglest against Elli, Edda 34; at Þorleikr ætti lítt við elli at fásk, Ld. 160; fámsk vér eigi við skrafkarl þenna, let us have naught to do with this landlouper, Háv. 52; ok fásk eigi við fjánda þenna lengr, Ísl. ii. 45; fást um e-t, to make a fuss about a thing: the passage, Hrólfi fékksk hugr, Fas. iii. 203, is prob. an error for Hrólfi gékksk hugr, H. was moved: the phrase, fásk þú at virði vel, take thou a good meal, Hm. 117.

2. as a pass., esp. in the sense to be gotten; sumt lausa-féit hafði fengisk (had been gotten) í hernaði, Fms. i. 25; at honum fengisk engi fararbeini, that no means of conveyance could be got, Grág. i. 298; eigu þeir þat allt er á (aðilðunum) fæsk, all the fines that accrue from the aðilð, 281; fékksk þat, it was obtained, Jb. 17; er hljóð fékksk, when silence was obtained, so that he could speak, Fms. i. 34: ef þeir fásk eigi, if they cannot be taken, Odd. 12 (very rare); sem úviða muni þinn jafningi fásk, thy match is not easily to be got, Nj. 46.

VII. part. fenginn as adj. given to, fit to; ok er hann vel til þess fenginn, Fms. vi. 389; Jón var mjök fenginn (given) fyrir kvenna ást, Bs. i. 282; fæsk eigi því níta, it cannot be denied, Am. 32.

2. again, fanginn denotes captured, hence taken by passion; fanginn í ílsku, Fb. i. 280.

FÁ, ð, part. fát, fáð or fáið, cp. fáinn or fánn; a contracted verb = fága:

—to draw, paint, Fms. v. 345; gulli fáðr, gilded, Gísl. 21; fá rúnar, to draw runes, magic characters, Hm. 143; vér höfum fáða unga brúði á vegg, we have painted the young bride on the wall, Landn. 248 (from a verse about the middle of the 10th century): of precious stuffs, fáð ript, Skv. 3. 63.

fáan-ligr, adj. to be gotten.

fá-bjáni, a, m. an idiot.

fá-bygðr, part. few, i.e. thinly, peopled, Glúm. 359.

fá-dæmi, n. pl. monstrosities, portents, 623. 39, Fms. v. 206: með fádæmum, ofdirfð ok níðingskap, vii. 18; vera með fádæmum, to be portentous, viii. 52, v.l., Sturl. iii. 274; heyrit f., shame! Háv. 45: joined to an adj. or adv., fá-dæma-, portentous; f. mikill, f. stór, f. vel, etc., Þiðr. 187, Krók. 49.

fá-dæmiligr, adj. (fá-liga, adv.), portentous, Fms. iii. 167.

fá-einn, adj., chiefly in pl. only a few, Eg. 573, Sturl. iii. 3; vide einn.

fá-fengiligr, adj. (fá-liga, adv.), vain, empty.

fá-fengr, adj. empty, Luke i. 53.

fá-fróðr, adj. ‘few-knowing,’ ignorant, Fms. viii. 447, Barl. 13, 17.

fá-fræði, f. want of knowledge, Fms. vi. 265, Gþl. 266, Bs. i. 137, 280.

fága, að, to polish, clean; f. saltkatla, Fas. ii. 499, Eg. 520 (vide eik); f. hest, to curry a horse, Sks. 374; öll fáguð (painted) með brögðum, Fms. v. 345.

2. metaph. to cultivate; fága jörðina, to till the earth, 549 B; f. akr, Mar. 188: of arts, science, sem hann fágaði þá iðn lengr, Lv. 115.

β. to worship; f. heiðin guð, Stj. 576; f. heiðin sið, Lex. Poët.; f. helga menn, H.E. i. 243.

fágan, f., Lat. cultus, worship, Stj. 577, Fms. v. 163, Barl. 138.

fágandi, part. a tiller; víngarðs f., Greg. 48.

fágari, a, m. a tiller, cultivator, Magn. 474.

fá-glýjaðr, part. sad, of little glee, Hkr. i. 167 (in a verse).

fágu-ligr, adj. neatly polished, Róm. 302.

fá-gætr, adj. ‘few to get,’ rare, Nj. 209, Fms. i. 99, vi. 142.

fá-heyrðr, part. unheard, Finnb. 248, Sks. 74, Fms. v. 224, 264, xi. 247.

fá-heyriligr, adj. (fá-liga, adv.), unheard, Fms. viii. 279. v.l., Barl. 65, Mar. 234.

fá-hjúaðr, part. few in family, Fas. iii. 209.

fá-hæfr, adj. of little use, valueless, Vm. 9, Pm. 55.

fái, a, m. a painted figure, vide mann-fái.

fáinn and fánn, [faaen = pale, Ivar Aasen], pale, white; fánn hrosti, the pale brewing, of the good ale of the giant Egir, Stor. 18; fán (MS. fanz) fleski, light-coloured hams, bacon, Rm. 29.

fá-kátr, adj. sad, gloomy. Fas. i. 50.

fák-hestr, m. = fákr, Karl.

fá-klæddr, part. thinly clad, Grett. 141.

FÁKR, m. [Dan. fag]. a horse ‘uno testiculo,’ a jade, in prose, Sturl. i. 40; it occurs in Kormak, and is often used in poetry of any horse.

fá-kunnandi, f. ignorance, Fms. iv. 318: as part. ignorant.

fá-kunnasta, u, f. id., Fr.

fá-kunnigr, adj. ‘few-knowing,’ ignorant, Barl. 62, Jb. 4.

fá-kunnligr, adj. unusual, rare, Bs. i. 348, 355.

fá-kynstr, n. a shocking accident, Gísl. 34.

FÁLA, u, f. a giantess, Edda (Gl.): a romping lass, Fas. iii. 521; cp. flagð, flenna, skass, skersa, all of them names of giantesses, but also used of hoydenish women.

fá-látr, adj. silent, cold, Fs. 23, Nj. 177, Fms. i. 19, ix. 246.

fá-leikr, m. coldness, melancholy, Nj. 14, Fms. vi. 147, vii. 103.

fá-liðr (fáliða, fáliðaðr, Fb. ii. 285), adj. with few followers, Sturl. ii. 5 C, Ld. 242, Fms. iv. 370, ix. 43, xi. 358, Bs. i. 763.

fá-liga, adv. coldly, Fms. i. 237, iii. 79, vii. 113, Bs. ii. 27.

fá-ligr, adj. cold, reserved, Fms. iii. 116, iv. 301, v. 306.

FÁLKI, a, m. [from Lat. falco], a falcon, Jb., Árna S., Hák. S. (Fms. x). This foreign word came into use as a trade term, and only occurs in the 13th century. The white falcon (‘falco Islandicus’) was during the Middle Ages much sought for, and sometimes the king or bishops claimed the exclusive right of exporting these birds: they were sent to England even as late as a.d. 1602, and sought for by English noblemen of that time; cp. the anecdote told in Feðga-æfi 10.

compds:

fálka-kaup, n. buying falcons, Bs. i. 738.

fálka-veiðr, f. catching falcons, Bs. i. 720, 737.

FÁLMA, að, [Dan. famle; Swed. famla], to fumble, grope about, as in blindman’s-buff: Hrappr vildi f. til mín, Ld. 98; hann fálmaði til Egils (of the blind giant), Fas. iii. 385; fálma höndum, to fumble with the hands, Fms. iii. 125; or with a weapon, þá f. jötuninn til agn-saxinu, Edda 36.

2. metaph. to flinch; láta geð f., to flinch or falter (Eyvind); f. ok skjálfa, Niðrst. 107; f. af hræðslu, 5; flýja eðr f., Fms. vii. 260, 297, vide Lex. Poët.

fá-lyndi, n. coldness, reserved manners, Bjarn. 50.

fá-lyndr, adj. cold, reserved, Fms. iv. 109, v. 240; eigi fályndr, i.e. gay, merry, Lv. 75.

fá-læti, n. = fáleikr, melancholy.

fá-máligr, adj. ‘few-speaking,’ silent, Fms. i. 155, iv. 76, xi. 78; hljótt ok fámálugt, Bjarn. 54.

fá-menni, n. few men, a little host, Nj. 93, Fms. x. 407.

fá-mennr, older form fá-meðr, mod. fá-menntr, adj. having few men, few followers, Fas. i. 25, Fs. 71, Nj. 95, Fms. vii. 250: compar., fámennari, iii. 18; fámeðri, Hkr. ii. 22.

β. neut., fámennt, thinly peopled, solitary; f. og danfligt, Lv. 22: cp. the Icel. phrase, hér er fámennt og góðmennt, here are few but good people.

fá-mæltr, part. few-speaking, Ó.H. 94, Fms. x. 39: melancholy, vii. 162.

fá-nefndr, part. seldom named, having a strange name, Fbr. 93.

FÁNI, a, m. [Ulf. fana; A.S. fana; Hel. and O.H.G. fano; Germ. fahne; Lat. pannus]:

—a standard, gunn-fáni, Hbl. 40, etc.; else it is rare and hardly used in old prose; even in old poetry vé is the usual word:

—metaph. a buoyant, high-flying person is now called fáni; so, fána-ligr, adj. buoyant; fána-skapr, m. buoyancy in mind or temper; †(this sense given under ‘metaph.’ belongs no doubt to a different word, borrowed in the 15th century from the Engl. fawn; thus fánast uppá e-n = Engl. to fawn upon.)

fá-nýtr (fá-neytr), adj. worn, of little use or value, Vm. 98, B.K. 83, Pm. 18, 19, 22, Sks. 244.

fá-orðr, adj. of few words, Sturl. iii. 80.

FÁR, f. [Dan. faar], a sheep, D.N. ii. 312, Boldt 165; vide fær.

FÁR, n. [A.S. fær; Hel. fâr = dolus; Germ. fahr = treason, gefahr = danger; Engl. fear = terror; cp. also Germ. furcht:—but in the old Scandin. languages the word does not rightly mean either fear or danger; the mod. Dan. fare and Swed. fara are borrowed from Germ.]:

—evil passion, bale, harm, mischief; fár ok fjandskapr, Gísl. 125; eigi standa orð þín af litlu fári, baleful words, Fas. i. 195; lesa fár um e-n, to speak foul calumnies of one, Hm. 23; af fári, from evil passion, Og. 12. Hm. 151; er þú felldir mér fár af höndum, that thou brakest my spell, Og. 10; flytjandi fárs, bringing mischief, Am. 4; ef ek vissa þat fár fyrir, if I could foresee that bale, Skv. 2. 7; halda kvið til fárs e-m, to withhold the verdict to the injury of the other party, Grág. i. 58; verða e-m at fári, to be one’s bale, Korm. 12 (in a verse); full skal signa ok við fári sjá, i.e. make a sign over the cup to prevent harm in it, Sdm. 8; þat er fár mikit (’tis a bad omen), ef þú fæti drepr, Skv. 2. 24; þá er hann réttlauss ef hann þiggr fár á sér, if he receives bodily harm, N.G.L. i. 255.

2. plague, esp. of animals;

hunda-fár, sickness among dogs;

kúa-fár, nauta-fár, cattle plague, cp.

heljar-fár, morð-fár, murderous pestilence;

urðar-fár, a weird plague, Sturl. ii. 213 (in a verse);

feikna-fár, deadly pain, Pass. 2. 11; vera í fári, to be in an extremity; í dauðans fári, in the death-agony, etc.

β. of men, a dangerous illness; lá hann í þessu fári nær viku, Bs. i. 761; cp. fár-veikr, dangerously ill; fár er nokkurs-konar nauð, Edda 110, cp. far B.

γ. wrath; fár er reiði, Edda 110; vera í íllu fári (vide far B), to be bent on doing mischief.

3. as a law term, fraud, such as selling sand or dirt instead of flour or butter, defined N.G.L. i. 24; kaupa fals, flærð eða fár, 324.

compds:

fár-hugr, m. wrath, Am. 86.

fár-leikr, m. disaster, Greg. 40, where it is opp. to friðr.

fár-liga, adv. wrathfully, Fms. xi. 94, Bs. i. 813, Pass. 4. 13.

fár-ligr, adj. disastrous, Fms. xi. 433, Fas. i. 394.

fár-ramr, adj. awfully strong, Fs. 7.

fár-reiðr, adj. wroth, fierce.

fár-skapr, m. fierceness, Nj. 54.

fár-sótt, f. pestilence, Bs. i. 325, N.G.L. i. 29.

fár-sumar, n. the plague summer, Ann.

fár-veikr, adj. very ill.

fár-verkr, m. a severe pain, Bs. i. 339.

fár-viðri, n. a hurricane, tempest, Bjarn. 34, Gullþ. 6, Gísl. 106.

fár-yrði, n. pl. foul language, Nj. 50, 185.

fárs-kona, u, f. a hag, violent woman, Gísl. 52.

fárs-maðr, m. an abusive man, Þorst. Síðu H. 175.

fárs-sótt, f. dangerous illness.

FÁR, fem. fá, neut. fátt; dat. fám; acc. fá (paucos and paucam); fán (paucum); fár (paucae and paucas), but in mod. usage dissyllabic, fáum, fáa, fáan, fáar: gen. pl. fára, mod. fárra:—compar. færi, mod. færri with a double r; superl. fæstr, in books of last century sometimes spelt færstr,—a form warranted neither by etymology nor pronunciation: færst, however, occurs in the old MSS. Arna-Magn. 132. Ld. 210: [Lat. paucus; Ulf. faus; A.S. feá Engl. few; Hel. fáh; O.H.G. foh; lost in mod. Germ.; Dan. and Swed. få or faa]:

—few; Margr við Mývatn, en Fár í Fiskilækjar-hverfi (a pun), Rd. 311, Glúm. 361; með fá liði, with few men, Eg. 51; færa sauðfé, fewer sheep, Grág. (Kb.) 159; færi sauði, i. 423; í fám orðum, in few words, Stj. 29; við fá menn, Fms. i. 35; við fára manna vitni, Ld. 260; færi öfundarmenn, 204; fleiri … færi, Grág. i. 38; fáir einir, only a few; fá eina menn, Sturl. iii. 3; hjón fá ein, Eg. 573, vide einn.

2. used as noun, few, in the sense of few or none, none at all; fáir hafa af því sigrask, Nj. 103; þeir kváðu fá fúnað hafa fyrir honum, 263.

β. esp. in old sayings; e.g. fár er fagr ef grætr, Fb. i. 566; fár veit hverju fagna skal, Kvöldv. i. 47; fár bregðr hinu betra ef hann veit hit verra, Nj. 227: fár er hvatr er hrörask tekr ef í bernsku er blauðr, Fm. 6; fár er full-rýninn, Am. 11; fár hyggr þegjanda þörf, Sl. 28; fás er fróðum vant, Hm. 107; fátt er of vandlega hugat. Kvöldv. ii. 198; fátt veit sá er sefr, Mork. 36; fátt er svo fyrir öllu íllt að ekki boði nokkuð gott; fátt segir af einum, Volks. 62; fátt er ramara en forneskjan, Grett. 144; fátt er sköpum ríkra, Fs. 23; fár gengr of sköp norna, Km. 24; fátt er betr látið en efni eru til, Band. 2; fár er vamma vanr, Mirm. 68; fátt veit fyrr en reynt er, Fms. vi. 155; fátt gat ek þegjandi þar, Hm. 104. Many of these sayings are household words, and this use of the word is typical of the dry northern humour.

II. metaph. dismal, cold, reserved; Sigurðr konungr hafði verit nokkut fár (dismal, in low spirits) öndverðan vetr, en nú var hann glaðr ok spurall, Fms. iv. 82; varð hann fyrst fár ok úkátr, 192; vóru menn allir fáir við þá, v. 307; Vigdis varð fá um, Vigdis became silent about it, i.e. disliked it much, Sturl. iii. 180; var þá Gunnarr við hana lengi fár, for a long time G. was cold to her, Nj. 59.

2. neut. fátt, coldness, coolness; fátt var með þeim Rúti um samfarar, there was coolness between R. and his wife, Nj. 11; var fátt um með þeim bræðrum, 2, Eg. 199; var et fæsta með þeim, Ld. 234; verið hefir fátt með okkr, Gísl. 100: fátt kom á með þeim Gretti, Grett. 99.

III. neut., konungr svarar fá (dat.), Ó.H. 94; Guðrún talaði hér fæst um, Ld. 210; var eigi boðit færa en hundraði, not fewer than a hundred, Nj. 17; fátt af þeirra mönnum, only a few of their men, Fms. v. 290; fátt eina, only a few, Ld. 328: with gen., fátt manna, few men, Nj. 130; fátt góðs, but little good, Hom. 38; fátt einna hverra hluta, few of things, i.e. few things, Fms. iv. 175: þeir ugðu fátt at sér, they heeded them but little, Fms. vii. 201; hlutask til fás, Hrafn. 17.

β. as adv., in the phrases, sofa fátt, to sleep but little, be wakeful; leika fátt, to play but little, i.e. be in a dismal humour; tala fátt, to speak but little; syrgja fátt, to sorrow but little, i.e. to be gay, cp. Lex. Poët.

γ. with numerals, less than, short of, minus, save; vetri fátt í fjóra tigu, i.e. forty years save one, i.e. thirty-nine, Fms. x. 2, v.l.; tveimr ertogum fátt í átta merkr, eight marks less two ortogs, B.K. 84; lítið fátt í fimm tigi vetra, little short of fifty years, Fms. iii. 60; hálfum eyri fátt á átta merkr, eight marks less half an ounce; þremr mörkum fátt á laup, a bushel less three marks, B.K. 84, 11: at fæstu, the fewest, least, the minimum; tveir et fæsta, two at least, Grág. i. 9; sex menn et fæsta, 378; cp. the neut. afl-fátt, svefn-fátt, dag-fátt, q.v.

fárast, að, dep., in the phrase, f. um e-ð. to make a fuss about a thing.

fá-ráðr, adj. little-prudent, helpless, Fms. ii. 96.

fá-ræðinn, adj. ‘few-talking,’ silent, Fms. ii. 144, iv. 218, Fas. iii. 654.

fá-rætt, part. n. little spoken of, Bjarn. 34, Fms. ii. 154.

fá-sénn (fá-séðr), part. seldom seen, costly, Ld. 84, Fms. x. 260, xi. 428.

fá-sinna, u, f., Lat. amentia, want of reason, melancholy, (mod.)

fá-sinni, n. loneliness, isolation, Nj. 185, Fb. i. 543.

fá-skiptinn, adj. little meddling, quiet, Ld. 94, Finnb. 336, Fas. iii. 529.

fá-staðar, adv. in few places, Fms. vii. 90* 70.

FÁT, n. fumbling; göra e-t í fáti, to fumble about a thing; fát kemr á e-n, to be confounded; †mæðisk nú brátt, svá at hann leggsk til fáta, vesall karl, so that he is quite confounded. Mar. 1056.

fáta,† að, to fumble.

fá-talaðr, part. ‘few-speaking,’ silent, Fms. ii. 76, ix. 52, Sks. 474: gramm., sem þessi er tungan fátalaðri, as this language has fewer vowels, Skálda 161.

fá-tíðindi, n. pl. rare, strange tidings, Bs. i. 148.

fá-tíðligr, adj. rare, strange, Hom. 114. fá-tíðliga, adv., Bs. ii. 110.

fá-tíðr, adj. id., Fms. v. 211, Hom. 108, Fas. i. 183.

fá-tækdómr, m. [Dan. fattigdom], poverty, Stj. 212, Mar.

fá-tæki, n. [taka], want, poverty, Stj. passim, Al. 61; ganga á f., to go a-begging, Jb. 174, 655 xxxii.

compds:

fátækis-fólk, n. poor folk, Stj. 652, Fms. v. 95.

fátækis-land, n. land of affliction, Stj. 212, Gen. xli. 52.

fátækis-lið, n. poor people, Bs. i. 332.

fátækis-maðr, m. a poor man, 655 xxxii. 24.

fátæk-leikr, m. poverty, Skálda 211.

fá-tækliga, adv. poorly, Stj. 423, Fms. i. 70.

fá-tækligr, adj. poorly, Fms. i. 69, v. 194.

fá-tæklingr,† m. a poor person, a pauper.

fá-tækr, adj. [Swed.-Dan. fattig], poor, Nj. 196, Fs. 84, Fms. i. 33, 197, Edda 81, Bs. i. 81, 104, 110, 139, 840, 850 (passim), Sl. 70, K.Þ.K. (passim): fátækr is the standing Icel. word, answering to Lat. pauper.

fá-tækt, f. poverty, Barl. 8, Stj. 212, 421; old writers prefer fátæki, which is now obsolete, but in mod. usage fátækt is a standing word; snauðr, q.v., is only used in a peculiar sense; fátækt (from fár and taka) properly means ‘few-taking,’ having little between the hands, hence poverty, want; it occurs in many compds.

fá-vingat, part. n. having few friends, Fms. iii. 144.

fá-vitr, adj. ‘few-wise,’ little-wise, Stj. 558, v.l. fá-vizkr, adj. id., id.

fá-vizka, u, f. folly, Fms. i. 104, vi. 211, Fb. i. 379.

fá-víss, adj. little-wise, Ld. 268, Fms. viii. 31 (v.l., = barbarous).

fá-þykkja, u, f. coldness.

FÉ, n., irreg. gen. fjár, dat. fé; pl. gen. fjá, dat. fjám; with the article, féit, féinu, féin, mod. féð, fénu, fén: [Lat. pecu; Goth. faihu; A.S. feoh; Engl. fee; Hel. fehu; O.H.G. fehu; Germ. vieh; Dan. fæ; Swed. få]:

—cattle, in Icel. chiefly sheep; fé né menn, Grett. 101; fjölda fjár, Ld. 210; gæta fjár, to mind sheep, 232; en ef þeir brenna húsin þó at fé manna sé inni, Grág. ii. 164; þeir ráku féit (the sheep) upp á geilarnar, Nj. 119; kvik-fé, live-stock, q.v.: ganganda fé, id., opp. to dautt fé, dead property, Grág. passim.

compds:

fjár-beit, f. pasture for sheep, Vm. 130.

fjár-borg, f. a ‘burrow’ or shieling in which sheep are kept in the east of Icel., vide Eggert Itin. ch. 816.

fjár-breiða, u, f. a flock of white sheep.

fjár-dauði, a, m. cattle-plague, Ann. 1284.

fjár-fellir, m. falling of cattle, from plague or starvation, Ann. 1341, Bs. i. 548.

fjár-fóðr, n. fodder, Bs. i. 477.

fjár-fæði, n. = fjárfóðr. Vápn. 30.

fjár-fæling, f. [fóli], stealing cattle, Gþl. 395.

fjár-ganga, u, f. and fjár-gangr, m. a sheep-walk, Grág. ii. 304. Jb. 287 A, Ld. 54.

fjár-geymsla, u, f. keeping sheep and cattle, Krók. 37.

fjár-gæzla, u, f. id., Grett. 111 C, Eg. 741.

fjár-hagi, a, m. pasture-land, Grett. 115.

fjár-heimtur, f. pl. sheep returning from the mountain pastures.

fjár-hirðir, m. a shepherd.

fjár-knappr and fjár-hópr, m. a flock.

fjár-hundr, m. a shepherd’s dog.

fjár-hús, n. a shed or shieling for sheep.

fjár-kaup, n. pl. purchase of sheep.

fjár-kláði, a, m. the scab on sheep.

fjár-nyt, f. sheeps’-milk, Grág. i. 428, 431.

fjár-pest, f. the cattle-plague.

fjár-rekstr, m. a drove of sheep, Grág. ii. 228, Sd. 149.

fjár-réttr, m. the driving of sheep from the mountain pastures in the autumn, Eg. 741; grazing, Grág. (Kb.) 200.

fjár-sauðr, m. = færsauðr, sheep, Tristr. (Fr.)

II. property, money; hvárt sem fé þat er land eðr annat fé, Grág. ii. 237: the allit. phrase, fé ok fjörvi, Sl. 1; hafa fyrir gört fé ok fjörvi, to forfeit property and life, Nj. 191: the proverbs, fé er fjörvi firr, life is dearer than money, 124; fé veldr frænda rógi, money makes foes of kinsmen, Mkv. 1. Common sayings, hafa fullar hendr fjár; afla fjár ok frægðar, to gain wealth and fame, Fms. i. 23 (a standing phrase); afla fjár ok frama, Fs. 7, fjár ok virðingar, id.; seint munu þín augu fylld verða á fénu, Gullþ. 7; þú munt ærit mjök elska féit áðr lýkr, id.; lát mík sjá hvárt fé þetta er svá mikit ok frítt, Gísl. 62; at Þorgils tæki við fjám sínum, Fs. 154; fagrt fé, fine money; at þeir næði féinu, Fms. x. 23; þegn af fé, liberal, Ísl. ii. 344; Auðr tekr nú féit, A. took the money, Gísl. 62; hér er fé þat (the money) er Gunnarr greiddi mér, Nj. 55; fé þat allt er hann átti, Eg. 98; alvæpni en ekki fé annat, Fms. i. 47: skemman var full af varningi, þetta fé …, v. 255; Höskuldr færði fé allt til skips, Nj. 4; hversu mikit fé er þetta, id.; heimta fé sín, Grág. i. 87; þiggit þat herra, fé er í því, there is value in it, Fms. vii. 197.

compds:

fjár-afhlutr, m. a share of money, Fas. iii. 198.

fjár-aflan, f. making money, Fms. x. 305.

fjár-afli, a, m. stock, Eg. 137, Ld. 88, Fms. xi. 422.

fjár-auðn, f. losing all one’s money, Stj. 570, Fms. v. 270.

fjár-agirnd (fjár-girni), f. greed for money, Nj. 15, Bs. ii. 159, Rb. 424.

fjár-bón, f. begging, Nj. 141.

fjár-burðr, m. bribery, Fms. vi. 12.

fjár-dráttr, m. (unfairly) making money, Eg. 71, Fms. vi. 191.

fjár-efni, n. means, Grett. 31 C.

fjár-eigandi, part. owner of means, Fbr. 19 new Ed.

fjár-eign, f. wealth, property, Fms. vii. 33, Ísl. ii. 216.

fjár-eyðsla, u, f. spending money.

fjáreyðslu-maðr, m. a spendthrift, Fms. iii. 83.

fjár-fang, n. booty, plunder, Sks. 183, Anecd. 30, Fms. ii. 2.

fjár-far, n. money affairs, Nj. 40, Fms. ii. 12.

fjár-forráð, n. administration, management of one’s money, Nj. 98, Bs. i. 128, 129.

fjár-framlag, n. laying out contributions of money, Band. 1.

fjár-fundr, m. a ‘find’ of money, Fms. vi. 272, Fas. i. 20.

fjár-gjald, n. payment, Fms. v. 162.

fjár-gjöf, f. a gift of money, Fms. v. 175, v.l.

fjár-gróði, a, m. making money, Stj. 176, v.l.

fjár-gæzla (fjár-geymsla), u, f. hoarding money.

fjárgæzlu-maðr, m., mikill f., a thrifty man, Sturl. i. 225.

fjár-hagr, m. money-matters, Nj. 10, Sd. 176, Bs. i. 854, Sturl. ii. 195.

fjárhaga-maðr, m., góðr, lítill f., a good, bad, manager, Fms. v. 321.

fjár-hald, n. money affairs, Edda 48; withholding one’s money, Sturl. ii. 22, iii. 292; administration of one’s money, esp. of a minor, Gþl. 222, 259; hence,

fjárhalds-maðr, m. a guardian, 260.

fjár-heimt (fjár-heimta and fjár-heimting), f. a claim for money owing one, Eg. 519, Nj. 15, Grág. i. 280 (and Kb. 158).

fjár-hirðsla, u, f. a money-chest, Fas. iii. 395, Sks. 229, Acts viii. 27.

fjár-hlutr, m. a lot, share of money, Eg. 182, Sks. 668, Landn. 226, Fms. v. 216, vii. 152, xi. 116.

fjár-kaup, n. a bargain, Gþl. 211, v.l.

fjár-kostnaðr, m. expenses, Bs. i. 686.

fjár-kostr, m. means, Sturl.

fjár-krafa, u, f. pecuniary claim, N.G.L. i. 21.

fjár-lag, n. the fixed value of property, D.I. i. 316; a money contract, Grág. i. 226; partnership = fé-lag, Gþl. 257.

fjár-lán, n. a loan of money, Ísl. ii. 223.

fjár-lát, n. loss of money, Ísl. ii. 359.

fjár-leiga, u, f. rent, N.G.L. i. 25, Fms. i. 256.

fjár-megin, m. amount of stock, Gþl. 257, N.G.L. i. 4, K.Á. 82.

fjár-met, n. valuation of property, Grág. i. 452.

fjár-missa, u, f. (fjár-missir, m.), loss of money, Hom. 111, H.E. i. 561, Grett. 136.

fjár-munir, m. pl. property, valuables, Fms. xi. 321, Hkr. iii. 114, Hom. 111.

fjár-nám, n. seizure of money, plunder, Hkv. 1. 11, D.N.

fjárorku-maðr, m. a wealthy man, Fas. iii. 30.

fjár-pína, fjár-pind, f. extortion, H.E. i. 391, Bs. i. 720.

fjár-rán, f. robbery, cheating for money, Grág., Kb. 224, Ld. 140.

fjár-reiða, u, f. money-matters, used chiefly in pl., Glúm. 364, Grág. i. 332, 334, 383, Bjarn. 39, 40, Ld. 212.

fjár-reita, u, f. cheating, plunder, Bjarn. 17.

fjár-saknaðr, m. = fjárauðn, Grett. 159 C.

fjár-sekt, f. a fine in money, Lv. 94.

fjár-sjóðr, m. a treasure, Fas. i. 20.

fjár-skaði, a, m. loss in money, Bs. i. 146, Grág. ii. 195.

fjár-skakki, a, m. an unjust sharing, Fms. ii. 201.

fjár-skilorð, n. conditions (as to payment), N.G.L. i. 75.

fjár-skipti, n. division of property, heirship, Nj. 22, Sturl. ii. 77.

fjár-skuld, f. debt, N.G.L. i. 332.

fjár-sóan, f. expenditure, Bs. i. (Laur. S.)

fjár-sókn, f. a lawsuit or money claim, Gþl. 475, N.G.L. i. 143, K.Á. 182, cp. N.G.L. i. 14.

fjár-staðr, m. a place for money, i.e. an investment, Band. 11, Vápn. 13.

fjár-tak, n. (fjár-taka or fjár-tekja, u, f.), seizure of money, confiscation, Fas. ii. 350, Fms. vii. 209, Grág. i. 188, Sturl. i. 76.

fjár-tal, n. and fjár-tala, u, f. payment to the full amount or to a certain proportion, Bs. i. 287, Grág. i. 335, ii. 250.

fjár-tapan, f. loss of money, N.G.L. i. 321.

fjár-tilkall, n. a claim for money, Eg. 341.

fjár-tillag, n. and fjár-tillaga, u, f. a contribution, Fms. xi. 79.

fjár-tjón, n. loss of money, Fms. iii. 12, Sks. 352.

fjár-upptak, n., fjár-upptaka, u, f., and fjár-upptekt, f. seizure of one’s property, Band. 10, Fms. xi. 153, Ísl. ii. 146, Sturl. i. 13, Fas. ii. 468.

fjár-útlát, n. pl. outlay, Fms. xi. 430.

fjár-varðveizla, u, f. management, administration of another’s property, Grág. i. 410, Nj. 4, Landn. 304, Grett. 111.

fjárvarðveizlu-maðr, m. a trustee, Grág. i. 282.

fjár-ván, f. expectancy of money, by inheritance or the like, Grág. i. 410.

fjár-verðr, adj. valuable, Fms. x. 417.

fjár-viðtaka, u, f. receipt of money, Ísl. ii. 146.

fjár-vöxtr, n. increase of rent or money, Dipl. iii. 14.

fjár-þarfnaðr, m. and fjár-þurft, f. need of money, H.E. i. 562, Fms. xi. 299, Hkr. iii. 429.

fjár-þurð, f. an emptying of one’s purse, H.E. i. 563.

fjár-þurfi, adj. wanting money, El. 22.

B. Fé- in compds, usually in sense II, sometimes in sense I:

fé-auðna, u, f. money luck.

féauðnu-maðr, m. a man lucky in making money, Band. 4.

fé-boð, n. an offer of money, Lv. 62, Fms. v. 26, 369, 656 A. 17; a bribe, Grág. i. 72.

fébóta-laust, n. adj. without compensation, Glúm. 358.

fé-brögð, n. pl. devices for making money, Fms. xi. 423, 623. 21.

fé-bætr, f. pl. payments in compensation, esp. of weregild, opp. to mann-hefndir, Nj. 165, Eg. 106, Fs. 53, 74, Ísl. ii. 386.

fé-bættr, part. paid for weregild, Gullþ. 12.

fé-drengr, m. an open-handed man, Nj. 177.

fé-drjúgr, adj. having a deep purse, Ld. 46.

fé-fastr, adj. close-fisted, Ísl. ii. 392, Bs. i. 74.

fé-fátt, n. adj. in want of money, Eg. 394, Fms. iii. 180, Hkr. iii. 422.

fé-fellir, m. losing one’s sheep, Lv. 91.

fé-festi, f. close-fistedness, Grett. 155 C.

fé-fletta, tt, to strip one of money, cheat one, Fas. iii. 103, v.l.

fé-frekr, adj. greedy for money, Rd. 314.

fé-föng, n. pl. booty, plunder, spoil, Fms. iii. 18, vii. 78, Eg. 57, 236, Gullþ. 5, Sks. 183 B.

fé-gefinn, part. given for (and to) gain, Band. 4, Valla L. 201.

fé-girnd, f. avarice, Hom. 86, Al. 4, Pass. 16. 7, 10.

fé-girni, f. = fégirnd, Sks. 358, Band. 11, Sturl. i. 47 C.

fégjafa-guð, m. the god of wealth, Edda 55.

fé-gjald, n. a payment, fine, Nj. 111, 120, Band. 11, Fms. vii. 248.

fé-gjarn, adj. greedy, avaricious, Eg. 336, Fs. 133, Nj. 102, Fms. i. 52, vii. 238.

fé-gjöf, f. a gift of money, Fs. 11, 21, Fms. i. 53, xi. 325, Ld. 52.

fé-glöggr, f. close-handed, Eb. 158.

fé-góðr, adj. good, i.e. current, money, D.N.

fé-grið, n. pl. security for property, Grág. ii. 21.

fé-gyrðill, m. [early Dan. fägürthil], a money bag, purse, worn on the belt, Gísl. 20, Fbr. 66, Þiðr. 35.

fé-gætni, f. saving habits, Glúm. 358.

fé-göfugr, adj. blessed with wealth, Ísl. ii. 322.

fé-hirðir, m. a shepherd, Fas. i. 518, Fms. viii. 342, Gþl. 501: a treasurer, Hkr. i. 36, Eg. 202, Fms. x. 157, vi. 372, viii. 372.

fé-hirzla, u, f. a treasury, Fms. vi. 171, vii. 174, Eg. 237, Hom. 9.

féhirzlu-hús, n. a treasure-house, Stj. 154.

féhirzlu-maðr, m. a treasurer, Karl. 498.

fé-hús, n. = fjós, a stall, D.N. (Fr.): a treasury, Róm. 299.

fé-kaup, n. a bargain, N.G.L. i. 9.

fé-kátliga,† adv., Thom. 403.

fé-kátr, adj. proud of one’s wealth, Róm. 126.

fé-kostnaðr, m. expenditure, expense, Stj. 512, Fms. iv. 215, xi. 202, Hkr. i. 148.

fé-kostr, m. = fékostnaðr, Orkn. 40.

fé-krókar, m. pl. money-angles, wrinkles about the eyes marking a greedy man (vide auga), Fms. ii. 84.

fé-kvörn, f. a small gland in the maw of sheep, in popular superstition regarded, when found, as a talisman of wealth, vide Eggert Itin. ch. 323.

fé-lag, n. fellowship, and fé-lagi, a, m. a fellow, vide p. 150. (fé-lag, fé-lagi)

fé-lauss, adj. penniless, Fms. vi. 272, Fs. 79, Gullþ. 5, Landn. 324 (Mant.)

fé-lát, n. loss of money, Landn. 195.

fé-leysi, n. want of money, Fms. viii. 20.

fé-ligr, adj. valuable, handsome, Fms. viii. 206.

fé-lítill, adj. short of money, Eg. 691, Sturl. i. 127 C, Fms. v. 182, vi. 271: of little value, Vm. 74, Jm. 13;

fé-minstr, yielding the least income, Bs. i. 432.

fé-maðr, m. a monied man, Sturl. i. 171, iii. 97, Dropl. 3.

fé-mál, n. money affairs, Nj. 5; a suit for money, Fms. viii. 130, Nj. 15, Grág. i. 83.

fé-mikill, adj. rich, monied, Sks. 252, Sturl. i. 171 C: costly, Fms. v. 257, xi. 85, Bs. i. 295, Hkr. iii. 247, Eb. 256: expensive, Korm. 224 (in a verse).

fé-mildr, adj. open-handed, Nj. 30.

fé-missa, u, f. and fé-missir, m. loss of cattle, Jb. 362: loss of money, Grett. 150 C.

fé-munir, m. pl. valuables, Hkr. i. 312, Grág. i. 172, Hrafn. 19, 21, Fms. vi. 298, viii. 342.

fé-múta, u, f. a bribe in money, Nj. 215, 251, Gullþ. 7, Fms. v. 312, Bs. i. 839, Thom. 72.

fé-mætr, adj. ‘money-worth,’ valuable, Fms. i. 105, Ísl. ii. 154, Orkn. 386.

fé-neytr (fé-nýtr), adj. money-worth, Fms. iv. 340, cp. Hkr. ii. 253.

fé-nýta, tt, to turn to account, make use of, Bs. i. 760, Grág. ii. 155.

fé-penningr, m. a penny-worth, Bs. i. 757.

fé-pína, u, f. a fine, H.E. i. 511.

fé-prettr, m. a money trick, N.G.L. i. 123.

fé-pynd, f. extortion, Bs. i. 757.

fé-ráð, n. pl. advice in money-matters, 656 C. 16.

fé-rán, n. plunder, Fs. 9, Fms. vi. 263, Fb. i. 215 (in a verse):

—execution, confiscation,

in the law phrase, féráns-dómr, m. a court of execution or confiscation to be held within a fortnight after the sentence at the house of a person convicted in one of the two degrees of outlawry, vide Grág. Þ.Þ. ch. 29–33, and the Sagas passim, esp. Hrafn. 21, Sturl. i. 135; cp. also Dasent, Introd. to Burnt Njal.

fé-ríkr, adj. rich, wealthy, Fms. ix. 272, Gullþ. 7, Ld. 102, Skálda 203.

fé-samr, adj. lucrative, Sturl. i. 68 C.

fé-sátt (fé-sætt), f. an agreement as to payment, of weregild or the like, Grág. i. 136, Nj. 189, Ld. 308.

fé-sekr, adj. fined, sentenced to a fine, Grág. i. 393.

fé-sekt, f. a fine, Nj. 189, Finnb. 276.

fé-sinki, f. niggardliness, Sks. 421, 699.

fé-sinkr, adj. niggardly, Sturl. i. 162.

fé-sjóðr, m., prop. a bag of money, Band. 6, Fbr. 35 new Ed., Nj. 55, Fas. iii. 194: mod. esp. in pl. a treasury, treasure, in Matth. vi. 20, Col. ii. 3, Heb. xi. 26.

fé-skaði, a, m. loss in money, Bs. i, Fs. 4, Fms. iv. 327.

fé-skipti, n. a sharing or division of property, Nj. 118, Ld. 134.

fé-skjálgr, adj., féskjálg augu, eyes squinting for money, Band. 6.

fé-skortr, m. shortness of money, Rd. 284.

fé-skuld, f. a money debt, Finnb. 350.

fé-skurðr, m. detriment, Ld. 44.

fé-skygn, adj. covetous, Fms. v. 263.

fé-skylft (fé-skylmt), n. adj., in the phrase, e-n er f., one has many expenses to defray, Grett. 89, 159, Eb. 98.

fé-snauðr, adj. poor in money, penniless, Bs. i. 335.

fé-sníkja, u, f. (fé-sníkni), begging, intruding as a parasite, Sks. 669, 451, 585.

fé-snúðr, m. lucre, Band. 5, 655 xi. 4.

fé-sparr, adj. sparing, close-handed, Band. 6, Fms. iii. 190.

fé-spjöll, n. pl. an ἅπ. λεγ. in Vsp. 23, fee-spells, i.e. spells wherewith to conjure hidden treasures out of the earth, where we propose to read,—valði hón (MS. henne, dat.) Herföðr (dat.) … f. spakleg, she (the Vala) endowed the father of hosts (Odin) with wise fee-spells; the passage in Yngl. S. ch. 7—Óðinn vissi of allt jarðfé hvar fólgit var—refers to this very word; Odin is truly represented as a pupil of the old Vala, receiving from her his supernatural gifts.

fé-sterkr, adj. wealthy, Fms. iv. 231, Sks. 274.

fé-stofn, m. stock.

fé-sæla, u, f. wealth, Hkr. i. 15, Edda 16.

fé-sæll, adj. wealthy, Edda 15.

fé-sök, f. a suit, action for money, Nj. 15, Grág. i. 138.

fé-útlega, u, f. a fine, outlay, N.G.L. i. 85.

fé-vani, adj. short of money, Fms. iv. 27.

fé-ván, f. expectancy of money, Gullþ. 7, Eg. 241, Fms. iv. 27, Orkn. 208.

fé-veizla, u, f. contributions, help, Sks. 261, v.l.

fé-vél, n. a trick, device against one’s property, N.G.L. i. 34.

fé-víti, n. mulct, Grág.

fé-vænliga, adv. in a manner promising profit, Fms. v. 257.

fé-vænligr, adj. promising profit, profitable, Sturl. i. 138, Fms. v. 257.

fé-vænn, adj. = févænligr, Sturl. i. 138.

fé-vöxtr, m. increase in property, gain, Eg. 730.

fé-þurfi, adj. in need of money, Eb. 164, Fms. ii. 80, Lv. 108, Fas. i. 392.

fé-þúfa, u, f. a ‘money-mound,’ used in the Tales like Fortunatus’ purse; in the phrase, hafa e-n fyrir féþúfu, to use one as a milch cow, to squeeze money out of one.

fé-þyrfi and fé-þörf, f. need of money, poverty, Rd. 236.

fé-örk,† f. a money-chest, 224.

feðgar, m. pl. [faðir], father and son (or sons), Eg. 18; Kveldúlfr ok þeir feðgar, Kveldulf himself and his son, 84; við feðgar, we, father and son, Nj. 8, Stj. 190; þeim feðgum, Fms. vii. 65, Fbr. 22; vin þeirra Sturlu feðga, a friend of Sturla and his father, Sturl. ii. 111; lang-feðgar, q.v., lineage of agnates.

FEÐGIN, n. pl. parents, (in Icel. the neut. is the collective gender for male and female); in old writers only in this sense, but about the time of the Reformation it was replaced by foreldrar, Germ. vorältern, which word in old writers means forefathers, whereas feðgin is the word for parents only; várra fyrstu feðgina, of our first parents (Adam and Eve), Stj. 39; feðgin vár, Lil. 18; hans feðginum, Stj. 127; einberni sinna feðgina, Mar.; börn ok þeirra feðgin, K.Á. 146; frænda eðr feðgina, Barl. 122; feðginum eða ná-frændum, parents or near kinsfolk, Fms. ii. 227; feðgrina barnsins, N.G.L. i. 392; hjá feðginum sínum ok forellris-mönnum, by his parents and forefathers, Stj. 190; sing., hvárttveggja feðginit, 97: this sense still remains in guð-feðgin, q.v., god-parents; and it has slipped into two passages of the Icel. N.T., viz. þetta sögðu hans feðgin, John ix. 22; fyrir því sögðu hans feðgin, 23; (for in all the other passages foreldrar or foreldri is used.)

II. mod. father and daughter, cp. mæðgin, mother and son; systkin, brother and sister, all of them neut.

feðma, d, [faðmr], to span or encompass with the arms, Fas. ii. 149.

feðra, að, to father.

fegin-grátr, m. tears of joy, Pass. 31. 17.

fegin-leikr, m. joyfulness, Lv. 54, Fms. x. 231, Bs. ii. 172.

FEGINN, adj. [fagna; A.S. fægen; Engl. fain; Hel. fagin], glad, joyful; verða feginn, to rejoice, Eg. 567; fegnari en frá megi segja, exceeding happy, Th. 9: with dat. to rejoice in a thing, Bs. i. 133; verða eyrindi feginn, to enjoy one’s errand, bring it to a happy end, Ísl. ii. 340; urðu menn þeim fegnir, people were fain to see them again, Nj. 47; ok er fegit orðit hjarta mitt tilkvámu þinni, 175; Ingi konungr varð honum hinn fegnasti, i.e. king Inge was fain at his coming, Fms. vii. 247; íllu feginn ver þú aldregi, never rejoice in mischief, Hm. 129; glaðr ertú nú Sigurðr, ok gagni feginn, rejoiced at thy victory, Fm. 25: with subj., feginn létsk þó Hjalli at hann fjör þægi, H. would fain save his life, Am. 59 (rare).

β. freq. with infin. or absol. and almost adverb, as in Engl., e.g. eg vil feginn gera það, I will fain do that; það vil eg feginn, or eg varð feginn að sleppa, I was fain to escape.

II. the phrases, á fegins-degi, on the day of joy, the day of resurrection, re-meeting, Fms. viii. 98, Sl. 82; taka fegins-hendi við e-u, to receive with glad hand, with heart and hand, Fms. iii. 98, Fb. i. 257, Nj. 106; á fegins-lúðri, on the mill of joy (poët.), Gs. 5.

compds:

fegin-saga, u, f. joyful news, 623. 40, Hkr. i. 73, Bs. i. 134.

fegins-morgun, m. a morning of joy, Fms. vii. 86 (in a verse).

fegin-samliga, adv. joyfully, Eg. 149, 169, Bs. i. 76, Fms. iii. 228, iv. 207.

fegin-samligr, adj. joyful, Greg. 27.

fegra, að and ð, fegrðe, Ó.T. 1, and fegrir (pres.), Skálda 180, Eluc. 4, Hom. 149, Mork. (in a verse), cp. Fms. vi. 336: but fegraði, Fms. x. 320; fegrað (sup.), Bs. ii. 165, and in mod. usage always so, [fagr]:

—to adorn, beautify, make fair; at kanna siðu manna ok fegra, to improve, better, Bs. i. 521; ekki þarf þat orðum at fegra, nothing is gained by extenuating it, Nj. 175; fegra um e-t, to mend, polish, Bs. i. 60.

FEGRÐ, mod. fegurð, f. beauty, fairness, of a woman; fegrð hennar, Fms. vi. 71, Stj. 548; fegrð sólarinnar, 26; fegrð Baldrs, Edda 15; fegrð ok prýði (pomp), Fms. vii. 157: in pl., 677. 10, Sks. 228;

freq. in mod. use. fegrðar-lauss, adj. (fegrðar-leysi, n.), void of beauty, Stj. 16.

fegringr, m. a cock (poët.), Edda (Gl.)

fegrir, m. an adorner, Lex. Poët.

fei, fei,† fy, fy! Jón Þorl. i. 350.

feigð, f. [A.S. fægð], ‘feyness,’ approach or foreboding of death: in proverbs, koma mun til mín feigðin hvar sem ek em staddr, Nj. 103; ferr hverr er feigðin kallar, Fas. i. 420; ætla ek þetta munu vera fyrir feigð yðvarri, a foreboding that you are ‘fey,’ Fms. v. 66; því at hón feigð fíra fjöl-margra sá, Gs. 20; þú sátt þegar í dag feigðina á honum, thou sawest the ‘fey-tokens’ on him to-day, Fms. xi. 154; þær (the Valkyrjur) kjósa feigð á menn ok ráða sigri, Edda 22: cp. the phrase, feigð kallar að e-m, the ‘feigð’ (death) calls upon him, one behaves as a ‘fey’ man.

feigðar-orð, n. or feigðar-yrðr, f. the death-weird, Ýt. 1.

feig-ligr, adj. looking ‘feylike,’ Al. 30.

FEIGR, adj., [this interesting word still remains in the Dutch a veeg man and in the Scot. fey; cp. A.S. fæge, early Germ. veige; in mod. Germ. feig, but in an altered sense, viz. coward, craven, whence mod. Dan. feig]:

—in popular language a man is said to be ‘fey’ when he acts in an unusual or strange manner, as when a miser suddenly becomes open-handed, Icel. say, eg held hann sé feigr, I hold that he is ‘fey;’ cp. feigð; or when a man acts as if blinded or spell-bound as to what is to come, and cannot see what all other people see, as is noticed by Scott in a note to the Pirate, ch. 5; again, the Scottish notion of wild spirits as foreboding death is almost strange to the Icel., but seems to occur now and then in old poetry, viz. mad, frantic, evil; svá ferr hann sem f. maðr, he fares, goes on like a ‘fey’ (mad) man, Fagrsk. 47 (in a verse); alfeig augu = the eyes as of a ‘fey’ man, Eg. (in a verse); feigr (mad, frantic) and framliðinn (dead) are opposed, Skm. 12; feikna fæðir, hygg ek at feig sér, breeder of evil, I ween thou art ‘fey,’ Skv. 3. 31, and perhaps in Vsp. 33, where the words feigir menn evidently mean evil men, inmates of hell; cp. also Hbl. 12, where feigr seems to mean mad, frantic, out of one’s mind:—cp. Scott’s striking picture of Kennedy in Guy Mannering.

II. death-bound, fated to die, without any bad sense, Hðm. 10; the word is found in many sayings—fé er bezt eptir feigan, Gísl. 62; skilr feigan ok úfeigan, Bs. i. 139, Fb. iii. 409; ekki má feigum forða, Ísl. ii. 103, Fms. vi. 417, viii. 117; ekki kemr úfeigum í hel, 117; ekki má úfeigum bella, Gísl. 148; allt er feigs forað, Fm. 11; fram eru feigs götur, Sl. 36; verðr hverr at fara er hann er feigr, Grett. 138; þá mun hverr deyja er feigr er, Rd. 248; bergr hverjum nokkut er ekki er feigr, Fbr. 171, Sturl. iii. 220, all denoting the spell of death and fate; it is even used of man and beast in the highly interesting record in Landn. 5. 5; cp. also the saying, fiplar hönd á feigu tafli (of chess), the hand fumbles with a ‘fey’ (lost) game, also used of children fumbling with things and breaking them: the phrases, standa, ganga feigum fótum, with ‘fey’ feet, i.e. treading on the verge of ruin, Ísl. ii. (in a verse); mæla feigum munni, to talk with a ‘fey’ mouth, of a frantic and evil tongue, Nj. 9, Vþm. 55; göra e-t feigum hondum, with ‘fey’ hands, of an evil doer causing his own fate, Lv. 111; fjör og blær úr feigum nösum líðr, Snót 129: of appearances denoting ‘feigð,’ vide Nj. ch. 41, Glúm. ch. 19, cp. Hkv. Hjörv. (the prose), Am. 26, Heiðarv. S. ch. 26, Nj. ch. 128, the last two passages strongly resembling Homer’s Od. xx. (in fine), Ísl. Þjóðs. ii. 551, 552; gerum vér sem faðir vár vill, þat mun oss bezt gegna; eigi veit ek þat víst, segir Skaphéðinn, því at hann er nú feigr, Nj. 199; en fyrir þá sök at Þormóðr var eigi f., slitnaði …, Fbr. 160; en fyrir gný ok elds-gangi, ok þat þeir vóru eigi feigir, þá kómusk þeir undan, Fs. 84; ætla ek at ek sé eigi þar feigari en hér …, þat er hugboð mitt at þeir muni allir feigir er kallaðir vóru, Nj. 212; þat hefir Finni sét á þér, at sá mundi feigr, er þú segðir drauminn, Lv. 70, Fms. iii. 212; vilja e-n feigan, to wish one’s death, Nj. 269, Fms. iii. 70, 190.

feikinn, feikn (feikr, Lil. 9), adj. awful, monstrous, Hdl. 39.

FEIKN, f. [A.S. fæcen], portent, Skv. 3. 31, Landn. 153 (in a verse); in compds feikna- denotes portentous, immense.

compds:

feikna-lið, n. an immense host, Hkv. i. 32.

feikna-mikill, adj. immense.

feikna-veðr, n. a hurricane, Fas. ii. 117.

feikn-ligr, adj. terrible, Nj. 185, v.l.

feikn-stafir, m. pl. [A.S. fácen-stafas], banes, evils, Gm. 12, Fas. i. (in a verse): baleful runes, Sl. 60.

FEILA, að, [early Germ. feilen, mod. fehlen, usually derived from Lat. fallere], to falter, be shy; Sinfjötli lét sér ekki feilask, Fas, (Völs. S.) i. 133; mod., feila sér, id. This word hardly occurs before the 14th century; cp. however fól, fælinn, fæla, which are all of Teut. origin.

feilinn, adj. faltering, shy, vide ú-feilinn.

feima, u, f. [prob. of Gaelic origin, fjamh = fear, Armstrong], poët. a bashful girl, a young lass, in Edda 108, Gl., Rm. 22, Fms. xi. (in a verse of the year 994).

feiminn, adj. bashful, and

feimni, f. shyness, bashfulness.

feita, tt, to fatten, K.Þ.K. 130, Hm. 82, Hom. 72, Greg. 44.

feiti, f. fatness, Stj. 106, 309.

feiting, f. fattening, Eb. 316.

feit-laginn, part. disposed to grow fat.

feit-leikr, m. fatness, ubertas, Stj. 167.

feit-meti, n. fat meat, butter, etc.

FEITR, adj. [Lat. pinguis; Gr. πίων; A.S. fætt; Engl. fat; Hel. feit; early High Germ. feiss; mod. but Low Germ. form fett; Dan. feed; Swed. fet]:

—fat, Nj. 52, Eg. 137, Fbr. 19, Lv. 18, Fms. i. 36, v. 93, x. 303, Stj. 42; vide fita.

feit-æti, n. = feitmeti;

feit-ætr, adj. liking fat.

FEL, f. [fill or fela = a maw, Ivar Aasen], the rough inside of an animal’s maw.

β. metaph. a ragged coat: hann lagði í felina (acc. sing. with the article), he pierced the rags of the cloak, Lv. 85.

FELA, pret. fal, 2nd pers. falt, pl. fálu; pres. fel; pret. subj. fæli; part. fólginn: in mod. usage, pret. faldi, part. falinn, and sup. falið, with weak declension, if in the sense to hide; but fól, pl. fólu, part. fólginn, if in the sense to commend; thus, undir trjánum sig faldi, Pass. 33. 6; einn fyrir engum faldist, 33. 7; but, þá Frelsarinn í Föðurs hönd fól nú blessaðr sína önd, 45. 1; fól and falinn, however, never occur in old MSS.:—[Ulf. filhan = κρύπτειν, θάπτειν; Hel. bi-felhan; O.H.G. felahan; Germ. be-fehlen and emp-fehlen; Lat. se-pēlio contains the same root, properly meaning to hide, shut up: cp. Engl. bury, which really means to hide.]

I. to hide, conceal; allt veit ek Óðin, hvar þú auga falt, Vsp. 22; þú falt fé þitt í svá mikilli þoku, Band. 12; hrís-kjarrit þat er Vaði risi fal sverðit, Þiðr. 69, Gm. 37; fálu þeir gullit í Rín, Edda 76; tóku likit ok fálu þar, Ó.H. 225 (fólu, Hkr. ii. 380, wrongly); ek mun fela yðr her í gamma mínum, Fms. i. 9: barnit var fólgit, Fs. 60, Gullþ. 26; fel sverð þitt, sheathe thy sword, Fms. xi. 348; felðu (= fel þú) sverð þitt í umgörð, 656 C. 4; þær austr ok vestr enda fálu, Hkv. 1. 2; fólgit, hidden, preserved, Vsp. 31; fólginn, hid, Þkv. 7, 8; örlög fólgin e-m, fate hidden, in store for one, Vsp. 36, Akv. 16; fólginn endi lífs, poët. the hidden thrum of life, i.e. death, Ýt. 17.

β. to bury, Ýt. 24; liggja fulginn, to lie buried (in a cairn), on a Runic stone, Rath 178.

2. metaph., hefir þú fólgit nafn hennar í vísu þessi, Eg. 325; fólgit í rúnum, Edda 47; yrkja fólgit, to use obscure phrases (in poetry), 110.

3. impers., fal þá sýn (acc.) milli þeirra, they lost sight of one another, with the notion of a hill or object coming between, Ó.H. 182; þegar er sýn fal í milli þeirra Egils, Eg. 545.

4. the phrase, fela e-n á brott (= in mod. usage koma e-m fyrir), to put one out (for alimentation), of one sick or old, a child, etc., Grág. i. 155; or, fela e-n inni, id.; sá bóandi er hann felr sik inni, the husbandman with whom he boards and lodges, 158; ef sá maðr andask er fólginn var inni, 155: of cattle, to put out to keep, nú felr maðr búfé inni at manni at fúlgu-mála réttum, N.G.L. i. 25; hence fúlga, q.v. = meðgjöf.

II. to give into one’s keeping, entrust; hann fal Óðni allan þann val, he gave all the slain to Odin, Fas. i. 454; mey frumunga fal hann (entrusted to) megi Gjúka, Skv. 3. 4: to invest, auð hefi ek minn ílla fólginn, Fms. vii. 49 (in a verse).

β. in the phrase, fela e-m e-t á hendi (mod. á hendr); þér fel ek á hendi, Skarphéðinn, at hefna bróður þíns, Nj. 154; fal hón sik ok allt sitt föruneyti á hendr lifanda Guði, Fms. i. 226; Kristi á hendi fólgin, 655 xxiii; fel’k þér á hendi ábyrgð hans at öllu, Grág. i. 245; fálu sik ok sálur sínar Guði Almáttkum á hendi, Bs. i. 139; at Jón Loptsson fæli Petri postula á hendi þá hjörð … en Jesus Kristr fal sína hjörð á hendr Föður sínum, 145; fela undir e-m, to put under one’s charge; er und einum mér öll um fólgin hodd Niflunga, i.e. all the hoard of Niflung is kept by me only, Akv. 26; fela ván sína alla undir Guði, 686 B. 2; mun hér öll vár vinátta undir felask, all our friendship will depend upon this, Eb. 130: a law term, skulu þeir fela undir eið sinn, they shall avouch it on their oath, Grág. i. 9; fela undir þegnskap sinn, to vouch upon one’s honour; þó rangt sé undir þegnskap fólgit, 33.

III. reflex. to hide oneself; ek mun felask, Fs. 48: hann falsk í Kröflu-helli, Landn. 183; mörg leyni þau er felask mátti í, Fms. x. 218; í skógi þar er þeir höfðu fólgizk, Ó.H. 152; en fálusk at degi, id.; felask í faðmi e-m, to be shut in one’s arms, Hkv. 2. 27.

2. felask á hendi e-m, to put oneself in another’s hands, enter his service; Kolskeggr falsk á hendi Sveini Dana-konungi, Nj. 121.

FÉ-LAG, n. [this word and the following are of Scandin. origin, and found neither in early A.S. nor South-Teut. dialects; the Germans use genosse and genossenschaft; the E. Engl. felaw (mod. fellow) is a northern word]:

—prop. a laying one’s fee together, i.e. fellowship, partnership, Grág. i. 330, ii. 72, 73 (passim); eiga félag saman, Fbr. 102; nú leggja menn félag sitt saman, ok verja ór einum sjóð, Jb. 406; skipta til félags, to share in partnership, Sks. 32; eiga félag við e-n, to be in partnership with one, Eg. 76; leggja félag við e-n, to enter into partnership with one, Fms. iv. 124; hafa félag við e-n, id., 296: Hallr fór milli landa, ok hafði félag Ólafs ens Helga konungs, Hall traded in divers countries, and was in partnership with king Olave, Ó.H. (pref.), Fb. iii. 239; leggja til félags, to contribute to a common fund, Fms. vi. 183, viii. 20: in the law even matrimony is a félag or partnership (between man and wife),—in respect to the common fund of mundr and heiman-fylgja, vide the Grág.

compds, denoting common:

félags-bú, n. household in common, Sturl. i. 180;

félags-fé, n. a common fund, Landn. 33;

félags-görð, f. entrance in partnership, Grág. i. 331, Sks. 33, 632: a contract, nema annan veg hafi mælt verít í f. þeirra, Grág. i. 331;

félags-hross, n. a horse owned in partnership with others, Grág. i. 436;

félags-lagning, f. a ‘laying’ of, or entering into, partnership, Grág. i. 331;

félags-maðr, m. a partner, Hkr. ii. 157, Sks. 32;

félags-vætti, n. a witness in matters of félag, Grág. i. 330, v.l.

II. a society, association;

mann-félag, an association of men; mannlegt félag, etc.; vísinda-félag, etc., literary society, is a modern turn of the word, and scarcely occurs earlier than the 17th or 18th century. It is now used in a great many compds: the passage in Sd. ch. 5, p. 123, where it means agreement, is a sure proof that these chapters are spurious.

fé-lagi, a, m. [E. Engl. felaw, vide félag]:

—prop. a ‘fee-layer,’ i.e. a partner, shareholder of any kind, esp. in trade, Fbr. 74 new Ed., cp. konungs-félagi, a king’s partner, for the kings of old carried on trade, Fbr., Fb. iii. l.c.; sailors who had food in common were félagar; the law provides that even a poor man, if he contributes all that he has, is a lawful félagi, Grág. ii. 72; enda á hann hvárki félaga né mötu-naut, er einn í mötu-neyti ok á engan félaga, 73, passim in the Grág.: félaga-erfð, f. a partner’s inheritance, N.G.L. i. 50.

β. in the law it is also used of married people (vide félag), a partner, mate, consort; hvat segir þú mér frá Hrúti félaga þínum, Nj. 12; ef því hjóna batnar heilsa er vitfirring hafði, þá skal þat hverfa aptr til félaga síns ok hjúskapar, Grág. i. 287; ek vil skilja við félaga minn, I wish to part with my mate, a formulary in pleading before a court of divorce, 326.

2. metaph. a fellow, mate, comrade; this sense of the word occurs as early as the old Hm. 51,—með hálfum hleif ok með höllu keri fékk ek mér félaga, where it however has some slight notion of partnership, with half a loaf and a half-drained cup I got me fellows; félagi is a frequent word in Icel., both ancient and modern, and used just as in English; gamansamr félagi, a merry fellow, Sks. 634; félagi minn ok frændi, my fellow and kinsman, Fms. x. 88; góðr félagi, a good fellow, Sks. 432: in addressing one, hverr ertu, f., who art thou, fellow? Fb. iii. 239: a dear fellow, þér mun ek þykkja úlíklega spyrja, f., Ld. 268; hversu hefir í dag at farit, f., Vápn. 4.

β. in a pun, Fms. xi. 150.

3. mod. a fellow, member of a society.

félag-ligr, adj. ‘fellowlike,’ kind, H.E. i. 470.

félag-skapr, m. fellowship, partnership. Eg. 1.

β. metaph. fellowship, friendship, Eg. 27; görðisk þar brátt f. góðr, they soon became intimate friends, Fms. iv. 127; binda saman lag sitt ok félagskap, to bind their fellowship together, enter into close alliance, 295; var þeirra f. at öllu merkilegr, Fs. 15; görðisk með þeim öllum enn mesti f., 29; þykki mér þú hafa lýst í því við mik mikinn félagskap, Boll. 346.

II. association, mod. in many compds.

feld-kápa, u, f. = feldr, Ld. 274, v.l.; vide fellikápa.

FELDR, m., gen. feldar, pl. feldir, a cloak worn by the ancients, esp. one lined with fur;

hvítr-feldr, a white cloak, Fbr. 145 sqq.;

rauð-feldr, a red cloak, Landn. (a nickname);

grá-feldr, a grey cloak, Hkr. i. 176;

skinn-feldr, a skin cloak, Orkn. 326 (in a verse);

bjarn-feldr, q.v., a bear-skin cloak;

röggvar-feldr, a woollen cloak, Grett. 114;

varar-feldr, a common cloak;

loð-feldr, a shaggy cloak, a fur cloak, = loði;

blá-feldr, a blue cloak, N.G.L. i. 74;

feldr fimm alna í skaut, a cloak measuring five ells square, Korm. 86; a feld four ells long and two ells broad, Grág. i. 500, was in trade the usual size, but here the ell is a ‘thumb ell,’ measuring only about sixteen inches;

stutt-feldr, a short cloak, Fms. vii. 152 (a nickname);

feldr, kápa, and skikkja seem to be synonymous, cp. Ls. ch. 14, 15, Glúm. ch. 3, 8, Grett. ch. 23, Lv. ch. 17. Tac. Germ. ch. 17—‘tegumen omnibus sagum, fibulâ, aut, si desit, spinâ consertum;’ the cloaks were often made of (or lined with) costly furs, Glúm. ch. 6; breiða feld á höfuð sér, to wrap the head in a cloak, Nj. 164, Kristni S. ch. 11, Fms. vi. 43 (Sighvat), as a token of deep thinking:

feldar-dálkr, m. a cloak-pin, Hkr., vide dálkr;

feldar-röggvar, f. pl. the patches or ‘ragged’ hairs on the outside of a cloak, Lv. 55, cp. Grág. i. 500;

feldar-skaut, n. (feldar-blað, n., Finnb. 342), a cloak’s skirt, Fb. i. 416;

feldar-slítr, n. pl. the tatters of a cloak, Grett.

The etymology of feldr is uncertain, scarcely from Lat. pellis, but rather from falda, to fold, wrap; even Tacitus, l.c., makes a distinction between the ‘sagulum’ (= feldr) and ‘ferarum pelles,’ the latter being a mark of more savage habits, such as that of the berserkers; feldr is never used of a woman’s cloak (möttull, skikkja); the passage Fm. 43 is corrupt: the phrase, það er ekki með feldi, it is not right, something is wrong, is a corrupt form instead of með felldu, part. from fella, q.v.

feljóttr, adj. [filled, Ivar Aasen], shabby; f. sem laki, rough as a sheep’s maw, Fbr. 156.

FELL, n. a fell, wild hill, Hrafn. 4, Ísl. ii. 76, passim: freq. in local names; Helga-fell, Mos-fell, Mið-fell, Meðal-fell, Þórólfs-fell, and Fell alone, vide Landn. In Icel. fell is a single hill, and in pl. a range of hills; fjall (= Lat. mons) is a general name.

fell,† n. [cp. Lat. pellis, A.S. fell, etc.], skin; occurs only in such compds as bók-fell, bjarn-fell; cp. ber-fjall and fjallaðr.

FELLA, d, a weak causal verb, answering to the strong neuter form falla; [absent in Goth.; A.S. fellan; Engl. fell; Germ. fällen; O.H.G. fallian; Swed. fälla; Dan. fælde.]

A. [Answering to falla A], to fell, make fall; fella við, to fell timber, Fms. ii. 84; fella mann, to fell a man, defined in the law, Grág. Vsl. ch. 3, cp. ch. 31; fella tár, to let tears fall, Sighvat; fella mel-dropa, to let the drops fall, Vþm. 14; fella segl, to take down sails, Bárð. 14; fella jörð undir e-m, to make the earth slip under one (by means of sorcery), Bs. i. 12; fella vatn í fornan farveg, to make the stream flow in its old bed, Grág. ii. 281.

2. to fell or slay, in battle, Eg. 80, 296, 495; Bróðir felldi Brján, Nj. 275; fella e-n frá landi, to slay or dethrone a king; hann hafði fellt hinn helga Ólaf konung frá landi, Orkn. 82; var felldr frá landi Haraldr Gráfeldr, H. Graycloak was slain, Fær. 38; síðan felldu þeir frá landi Hákon bróður minn, Fms. viii. 241, v.l.; fella her, val, etc., to make havoc, slaughter, (val-fall, strages), Lex. Poët.

β. to lose sheep or cattle from cold or hunger (v. fellir); var vetr mikill ok felldu menn mjök fé sitt, Sturl. iii. 297.

II. to make to cease, abolish; hann felldi blót ok blótdrykkjur, Fms. x. 393; f. niðr, to drop, put an end to, abandon; var hans villa svá niðr felld, Anecd. 98; þat felldi hann allt niðr, Fms. vii. 158; ef þú fellir niðr (gives up) þann átrúnað, ii. 88: to drop a prosecution, a law term, at konungr mundi þetta mál ekki niðr fella, vii. 127 (cp. niðr-fall at sökum); fella ræðu sína, to close one’s speech, ix. 331; þar skal niðr f. þrjá-tigi nátta, there shall [they] let drop thirty nights, i.e. thirty nights shall not be counted, Rb. 57; fella boð, f. herör, to drop the message, not let the arrow pass, N.G.L. i. 55, Gþl. 83 (vide boð, p. 71); fella skjót, to fail in supplying a vehicle, K.Á. 22.

2. to lower, diminish; fella rétt manns, fella konungs sakar-eyri, Gþl. 185; hann skal fella hálfri mörk, [they] shall lower it, i.e. the value shall be lowered by half a mark, Grág. ii. 180.

3. the phrases, fella heitstrenging (eið) á sik, to bring down on one’s head the curse for a breach of faith (vow, oath, etc.), Hrafn. 8.

4. fella hold af, to starve so that the flesh falls away, K.Á. 200, K.Þ.K. 130; hence fella af, absol. ellipt. to become lean, starved; cp. af-feldr: the phrase, f. blótspán, q.v., p. 71; fella dóm, to pass sentence, is mod., borrowed from Germ.

B. [Answering to falla B], to join, fit:

I. a joiner’s term, to frame, tongue and groove; fella innan kofann allan ok þilja, Bs. i. 194; felld súð, a framed board, wainscot, Fms. vi. (in a verse), hence fellisúð; fella stokk á horn, to put a board on the horns of a savage bull, Eb. 324; eru fastir viðir saman negldir, þó eigi sé vel felldir, the boards are fast when nailed together, they are not tongued and grooved, Skálda 192 (felling); fella stein í skörð, to fit a stone to the crevice, Róm. 247: metaph., fella lok á e-t, to bring to an end, prop. to fit a cover to it, Grág. i. 67: also a blacksmith’s term, fella járn, to work iron into bars, Þiðr. 79.

II. metaph. in the phrases, fella ást, hug, skilning, etc., til e-s, to turn one’s love, mind, etc., towards one; fellim várn skilning til einskis af öllum þeim, Stj. 4; Geirmundr felldi hug til Þuríðar, G. fell in love with Th., Ld. 114; Þórðr bar eigi auðnu til at fellasvá mikla ást til Helgu, sem vera átti, i.e. they did not agree, Sturl. i. 194; fella bæn at e-m, to apply prayer to one, beg of him, Ísl. ii. 481; fella sik við e-t, to fit oneself to a thing; ek hefi byrjað þitt erindi, ok allan mik við fellt, and have done my best, 655 xxxii. 13; felldi Þorkell sik mjök við umræðuna, Th. took a warm part in the debate, Ld. 322; hence such phrases as, fella sig (eigi) við e-t, to take pleasure (or not) in a thing; fella saman orð sín, to make one’s words agree, Grág. i. 53: to appropriate, fellir hann með því dalinn sér til vistar, Sd. 137.

III. part. felldr, as adj. = fallinn; svá felldr, so fitted, such; með svá felldum máta, in such a way, Rb. 248; vera vel (illa etc.) felldr til e-s, to be well (ill) fitted for a thing, Fms. xi. 76; gamall ok þó ekki til felldr, Bs. i. 472, Fms. iii. 70; Hallgerðr kvað hann sér vel felldan til verkstjóra, H. said he was well fitted to be her steward, Nj. 57, v.l.: neut., þér er ekki fellt (it is not fit for thee) at ganga á greipr mönnum Haralds, Fms. vi. 210; svá lízt oss sem slíkum málum sé vel fellt at svara, such cases are well worth consideration, Ld. 90; ekki héldu þeir vel lög þau nema þat er þeim þótti fellt, they observed not the rules except what seemed them fit, Hkr. i. 169; þeirrar stundar er honum þótti til fellt, the time that seemed him fit, Bs. i. 161:

in many compds,

geð-felldr, skap-felldr, hug-felldr, pleasant, agreeable;

hag-felldr, practical;

sí-felldr, continuous.

fella, u, f. [Engl. falling], framework, a framed board, Fas. i. 393.

felli-, in compds:

I. a falling off;

felli-sótt, f. sudden illness, Fær. 190;

felli-vetr, m. a hard winter when the cattle die, Sturl. i. 127, Ld. 120.

II. a joining, framing;

felli-hurð, f. a wainscotted door, Art. (Fr.);

felli-kápa, u, f. a plaid, Ld. 274;

felli-stokkr, m. a kind of plane Pm. 13, 112, 124;

felli-súð, f. a kind of frame or wainscot, opp. to skar-súð.

felling, f.

I. a felling, knocking down, Grág. ii. 133.

II. a joining, framing, Skálda 192, Fas. i. 229.

β. the folds of a garment.

fellir, m. death, esp. of cattle, Ann. 1377, 1380; vide mann-fellir.

fellu-járn, n. wrought iron, Grág. i. 501.

felmta, t, mod. felmtra, að,—en hjartað mitt á flótta fer | felmtrað í brjósti lyptir sér, Snót 128. [fálma]:

—Lat. trepidare, to be in a state of fright and alarm; fari menn stilliliga ok felmti eigi, Fms. vii. 262; sá maðr felmti mjök, Bret. 90; felmtandi maðr, a man who has lost his head, Sks. 383.

FELMTR, m. [fálma], alarm, fear; f. eða flótti, Fms. i. 45, viii. 226.

felms-fullr (or felmts-fullr), adj. alarmed, frightened, Fms. i. 217, Orkn. 16, Grett. 124.

felmtr, part. frightened; fara f., Njarð. 370: cp. the phrase, e-m verðr felmt, to be terrified, panic-stricken, Nj. 105, Fms. viii. 189, v.l.

felur, f. pl. a lurking-place; hlaupa í felur, to run and hide oneself.

FEN, n., gen. pl. fenja, dat. fenjum, [Ulf. fani = πηλός; A.S. fenn; Engl. fen; O.H.G. fenna; Dutch venn; a word common to all Teut. idioms]:

—a fen, quagmire, Symb. 26 (of the Pontine marshes); mýrar ok fen, Hkr. iii. 227; fen eðr forað, Gþl. 383; kelda eðr fen, Ld. 204; fórsk þeim seint um fenin, the bogs, Fms. vii. 69; djúpt fen ok breitt fullt af vatni, a deep pool and broad, full of water, vi. 406, vii. 70, Orkn. 444, Eg. 577, 582, 767, Nj. 21, Eb. 326, Þorst. Síðu H. 186.

féna, að, to gain, profit; heldr fénar nú, Fms. vi. 349; fénaði þér nú, i. 167: reflex., Fas. iii. 4.

fénaðr, m. pl. ir, [answers to Lat. pecunia as fé to pecus], sheep, cattle, Nj. 119, Fms. ii. 92, xi. 33, Bárð. 170, Eg. 219, Ísl. ii. 155, Gþl. 119; menn ok f., man and beast, Grág. ii. 164, Fms. i. 266.

fengari, a, m. [Byzant. φεγγάρι], the moon, an ἅπ. λεγ., Edda (Gl.)

fengi-ligr, adj. (fengi-liga, adv.), promising. a good haul, Bs. ii. 133.

feng-lítill, adj. of little value, Sturl. ii. 182, 238, Fms. vi. 367.

FENGR, m., gen. jar, pl. ir, (fengi, n., Fms. vii. 213, xi. 83, Hom. 130), [fá, fanga], a haul, take, of fish, K.Á. 90: gain, booty, Fær. 70, Fms. v. 287, Hkr. ii. 73: a store, supply, Ísl. ii. 138.

fen-grani, a, m. a kind of fish, Edda (Gl.)

feng-samr, adj. making large provision, Nj. 18, Bs. i. 652.

feng-semi, f. being fengsamr, Bs. ii. 88.

feng-sæll, adj. making a good haul, Sturl. i. 77.

fenjóttr, adj. fenny, boggy, Fms. x. 261.

FENNA, t, to be covered with snow (fönn); fennt yfir ofan, Bs. i. 196: impers., fennti fé (acc.), the sheep perished in the snow, Ann. 1380.

FENRIR, m. the monster wolf of heathen mythology, Edda, Vþm., Ls.

FER-, in compds, in fours:

fer-elingr, m. four ells long, of a fish, Finnb. 220.

fer-falda, að, to make fourfold, Stj. 148.

fer-faldr, adj. fourfold, Rb. 334, El. 13, Fas. ii. 215, 343, Sturl. iii. 206, 656 A. 33.

fer-fætingr, m. a quadruped, 656 C. 8.

fer-fættr, adj. four-footed, Stj. 56, Sks. 628, Fas. iii. 272, N.G.L. i. 82;

fjór-fættr, id., Sks. 628 B.

fer-hyrndr, part. four-cornered, square, Stj. 57, 171, 205, Al. 109.

fer-hyrningr, m. a square.

fer-menningr, m. a fourth cousin, vide fjór-menningr.

fer-nættingr, m. a period of four nights, K.Á. 182.

fer-skepta, u, f. a stuff with fourfold warp, Vm. 52, 93, 115, Am. 50, 90, Jm. 9.

fer-skeyta, tt, to square, 415. 18.

fer-skeyttr, part. ‘four-sheeted,’ square, Edda, 623. 24: mathem., ferskeytt tala, a square number, Alg. 366; ferskeytt vísa, a quatrain, like the common ballad metre, as in the ditty—yrkja kvæði ólán bjó | eptir flestra sögu | en gaman er að geta þó | gert ferskeytta bögu.

fer-skiptr, part. divided into four parts, Stj. 148, v.l.

fer-strendr, adj. four-edged, Eg. 285, Sturl. ii. 134, Magn. 450.

fer-söngr, m. a quartett, Bb. 2. 11.

fer-tugandi, fer-tugasti, adj. fortieth, Fms. x. 73, v.l.

fertug-faldr, adj. fortyfold, Stj. 147.

fer-tugr (fer-tögr), adj. forty years old, Stj. 624, N.G.L. i. 106, Fms. iii. 26:

—measuring forty (ells, fathoms, etc.). Fas. i. 298, Stj. 563; fertug drápa, a poem of forty verses, Fms. iii. 93; f. at rúma-tali, numbering forty ‘rooms,’ Fb. ii. 277.

fer-ærðr, adj. four-oared, Ísl. ii. 74.

fer-æringr, m. a four-oared boat.

fer-ærr, adj. four years old, Dipl. ii. 16.

FERÐ, f. (farðir, pl. exploits, Haustl.), travel, journey, Fms. i. 3, iv. 3, Nj. 7, Ísl. ii. 126, Ann. 1242, Sturl. iii. 38, Ld. 96, Dipl. v. 18; ekki verða allar ferðir til fjár (a saying);

um-ferð, a round, circuit;

vel-ferð, welfare.

compds:

ferða-bók, f. a book of travels, Dipl. v. 18.

ferða-hugr,† það er kominn á mig ferðahugr, of the restless feeling of one about to start on a journey.

ferða-lag, n. travelling, Þórð. 64.

ferða-maðr, m. a traveller, Stj. 400. Sturl. i. 89.

ferðar-broddr, m. the van, Fms. viii. 400, Fas. ii. 178, Ld. 96.

ferðar-leyfi, n. leave to travel, Stj. 406.

ferðar-mót, n. a meeting, Hkr. ii. 194:

ferð is very freq. in compds, whereas för (q.v.) is more obsolete.

II. á-ferð, the texture of cloth.

fer-dagaðr,† adj. four days old, Post. 640 (John xi, 17).

ferðask, að, dep. to travel, 655 xxxii. 20, Sturl. i. 24, Fms. ii. 136, Ísl. ii. 359.

ferð-búinn, part. (ferðar-búinn, Fms. vii. 3, Boll. 356, Finnb. 248), boun, i.e. ready, for a journey, Þórð. 69, Boll. 356.

ferð-lúinn, adj. weary from travelling, Bárð. 181.

ferð-ugr, adj. [borrowed from Germ. fertig], well-doing; vin sæl ok vel ferðug, Bs. i. 264: fit, belgir með ferðugum skinnum, Vm. 177.

fergin, n., botan. veronica, Hjalt.

fergir, m. [farg], poët. an oppressor, enemy, Lex. Poët.

fergja,† ð, [farg], to press, lay under pressure: so also

fergja, u, f. a pile or heap;

fann-fergja, heaps of snow.

FERILL, m., dat. ferli, a track, trace, Eg. 579, Gþl. 448;

kross-ferill, Pass. 11. 3;

lífs-ferill, the course of life;

blóð-ferill, q.v.

β. the phrase, vera á ferli, to be on one’s legs, rise, be out of bed, Nj. 55, Grett. 145 (Ed. felli); vera snemma á ferli, to rise early.

II. of persons, a traveller, esp. in pl. and in the compds,

Róm-ferlar, pilgrims to Rome;

veg-ferill, q.v., a way-farer.

ferja, u, f. a ferry, Bs. i. 355, D.I. i. 319, 320, Ld. 56, 324.

compds:

ferju-ár, f. a ferryman’s oar, Sturl. ii. 70.

ferju-búi, a, m. one who lives near a ferry, Grág. ii. 267.

ferju-hald, n. charge of a ferry, Grág. ii. 266.

ferju-karl, n. a ferry carle, ferryman, Sæm. 62.

ferju-land, n. land belonging to a ferry, D.I. i. 319.

ferju-maðr, m. a ferryman, Vm. 16: the inmate of a ferry-house, Sd. 226.

ferju-máldagi, a, m. a ferry contract, D.I. i. 320.

ferju-skattr, m. a ferry-toll, Þiðr.

ferju-skip, n. a ferry-boat, Bs. i. 354.

ferju-smíði, n. building a ferry, Þórð. 62.

ferju-staðr, m. a ferry place, Vm. 15.

ferju-stútr, m. the post to which a ferry-boat is fastened, Fbr.

ferju-tollr, m. a ferry-toll, Þiðr.

ferja, old form farði, Fms. vi. (in a verse), Vellekla; pl. förðu, Grág. i. 274; part. farðr, K.Þ.K. 24, Blas. 5, Grág. ii. 267; acc. förðan, i. 273 (Kb., Ed. Arna-Magn. færðan wrongly); pres. ferr, Grág. i. 272; imperat. fer, Hbl. 3; mod. pret. ferjaði, Fms. v. 182, K.Á. 12: [Engl. ferry, cp. Germ. färge]:

—to transport, carry by sea, and esp. to ferry over a river or strait; ferja e-n af landi, to carry one abroad, Grág. i. 145; eigi skal þá ferja yfir vötn eðr reiða, K.Þ.K. 82; ferja e-n aptr, to carry one back, 24:

as a law phrase, ú-ferjandi, outlawed, Germ. vogelfrei, Grág., Nj. passim.

fer-liga, adv. monstrously, Lv. 78, Rd. 273, Karl. 476, Stj. 3, Bs. i. 349. The syllable fer- in this and the four following words denotes anything monstrous, and seems akin to firn and firin, q.v.

ferlig-leikr, m. abnormity, monstrosity, Barl.

fer-ligr, adj. [cp. Scot. ferlie], monstrous, Fms. iv. 175, vii. 156, 162, Nj. 185, Orkn. 218, Bs. i. 802, Fas. i. 194: metaph. monstrous, Orkn. 164, Ld. 86, Hom. 115, Fms. v. 150.

fer-líkan, n., prop. a monstrous shape: medic. an abnormity, monster, Fas. iii. 654, Bs. ii. 33.

fer-líki, n. = ferlíkan, Fas. i. 244, Al. 95, Greg. 52, Barl. 87, Karl. 157.

ferma, d, [farmr], to load, Ld. 32, 86, Sturl. iii. 33.

II. [Lat. firmare is from a different root], eccl. to confirm, K.Á. 148, N.G.L. i. 350.

fermi-dregill, m. a ribbon worn at confirmation, N.G.L. i. 16.

ferming, f. confirmation, K.Á. 20.

fern, adj. distrib. esp. in pl. = Lat. quaterni, in sets of four, Fb. i. 521, Nj. 150, K.Þ.K. 86, Grág. i. 4; vide einn.

ferri,† compar. = firri, farther off, Kormak.

FERSKR, adj. [O.H.G. frisc; Germ. fersch; Engl. fresh], fresh, of food, meat, fish, fruit, etc.; ferskr fiskr, N.G.L. iii. 193; fersk grös, fresh herbs, Bs. i. 258; fersk lykt, a fresh smell, Clar. 85; ferskar gjafir, Stj. 109: scarcely used in a metaph. sense as in Engl.

FESTA, t, [fastr], to fasten; lím er festir allart vegginn, Rb. 390.

2. to fasten with a cord, to fasten a thing afloat; festa skip, to make a ship fast, moor it, Eg. 161, Fms. vii. 314; þeir festu sik aptr við lyptingina, they made the ship fast, ii. 327; festa hval, Grág. ii. 337; festa við, of drift-timber, id.

β. to hang up; festa út til þerris, to hang out for drying, Ld. 290; ef maðr festir upp vápn sitt þar er sjálft fellr ofan, Grág. ii. 65; festa á gálga, to hang on the gallows, Am. 55, Hðm. 22, Fms. i. 89; festa upp, to hang up, Nj. 9, Fær. 188, Fms. vi. 273, ix. 410; festa í stagl, to make fast to the rack, 656 C. 38; cp. stagl-festa, 623. 51.

II. metaph. in many phrases; festa trúnað, to fix one’s faith on, to believe in, Eg. 59, Fms. i. 100; festa yndi, to feel happy in a place, 135; festa hug við e-t, to fix the mind upon a thing, hence hug-fastr; festa bygð, stað, to fix one’s abode (stað-fastr, steadfast); festa ráð, to make one’s mind up, iv. 149; festa e-t í minni, to fix in the memory, Edda (pref.), Fms. iv. 116, hence minnis-fast; also absol., festa kvæði, to fix a poem in the memory, learn it by heart; Síðan orti Egill alla drápuna, ok hafði fest, svá at hann mátti kveða um morguninn, Eg. 421.

2. in law phrases, to settle, stipulate; festa mál, sáttmál, to make a settled agreement, Eg. 34, Fms. x. 355; festa grið, to make a truce, Grág. ii. 194; festa kaup, verð, to wake a bargain, 399; festa fé, to give bail, Gþl. 482, N.G.L. i. 23, Fms. vii. 290; festa eið, to pledge oneself to take an oath, Gþl. 539; festa járn, to pledge oneself to the ordeal of red-hot iron, Fms. vii. 230; festa dóm e-s, or f. e-m dóm, iv. 227, vii. 311, Hkr. i. 168, N.G.L. i. 23; festa eindæmi, q.v., Sturl. ii. 22; festa e-t í dóm e-s, id., Fms. vii. 302; festa e-t á dóm e-s, id., iv. 327; festa lög fyrir e-t (= lög-festa), to claim a thing as one’s lawful property, and thus forbid another any use of it, K.Á. 184, N.G.L. i. 154, Gþl. 333, Jb. 151–249 (passim), cp. Vídal. Skýr. s.v. festa: absol. to pledge oneself, Eysteinn konungr festi at gjalda hálfan fimta tög marka gulls, Fms. vii. 290.

β. to bind in wedlock; Ásgrímr festi Helga dóttur sína, Asgrim (the father) bound his daughter in wedlock to Helgi (dat.), betrothed her to him, Nj. 40; létu þeir nú sem fyrr, at hón festi sik sjálf, she should bind herself, 49: also of the bridegroom, the bride in acc. as the bargain stipulated, festi Þorvaldr Hallgerði, 17; nú festir maðr sér konu, N.G.L. i. 350, Glúm. 351, cp, Grág. F.Þ. passim.

III. impers. in a pass. sense, to cleave, stick fast to; spjótið (acc.) festi í skildinum, Nj. 43, 262; kemr í skjöldinn svá at festi, 70; rekr hann (acc.) ofan á vaðit ok festi þar á steini, stuck fast on a stone, of a thing floating, 108; við eðr hval festir í vatns-bökkum, timber or whales aground in the shoals, Grág. ii. 355; ef við rekr at ám ofan, ok festir í eyrum, and sticks on the gravel banks, id.; nema festi í miðju vatninu, id.; eld festir, the fire catches, takes hold, Fms. i. 128.

β. medic., bein (acc.) festir, a bone joins (after a fracture); fót festir, the leg grows firm, Bs. i. 743, cp. Eb. 316 and Bs. 5. 424.

IV. reflex. to grow to, stick fast to; nafnið festisk við hann, Ld. 52, Fas. i. 86; ryðr festisk, rust sticks to it, it grows rusty, 519; festask í landi, ríki, absol. to get a fast footing in the land, Fms. i. 32, xi. 343: the milit. phrase, bardagi, orrosta festisk, the battle closes up fast, when all the ranks are engaged, Sturl. iii. 63, Fms. ii. 313.

festa, u, f. a bail, pledge; svardagi ok f., Nj. 164, 240, Fms. iv. 268, 285, ix. 432, Eg. 227, Js. 40.

compd: festu-maðr, m. a bail, surety, Fms. vii. 39.

festi-band, n. a cord, string, Sks. 627 B.

festi-liga, adv. firmly, Eg. 711, Bs. Laur. S.

festing, f. a fixing, fastening, Gþl. 462;

festingar-hvalr, m. a whale driven ashore and secured, Jb. 320.

2. the firmament, Stj. 12, Fas. iii. 664;

festingar-himin, m. id., Rb. 78, 110, Fas. l.c., 655 xvii.

3. = festar, betrothals (rare), K.Á. 112, Jb. 131, Gþl. 236;

festingar-fé, n. = festarfé, Stj. 468;

festingar-stefna, u, f. a betrothal-meeting, N.G.L. i. 382;

festingar-váttr, m. = festarváttr, Jb. 162 A.

festív-ligr, adj. (festív-liga, adv.), festive (Lat. word), Bs. i. 791, Stj. 51.

festr (mod. festi), f., dat. and acc. festi, gen. festar, pl. festar:

—prop. that by which a thing is fastened, a rope, cord, Grett. ch. 68, 69, vide Guðm. S. ch. 54, Bs. ii. 111, Fms. ix. 3, 219, Eg. 324, Sks. 419, Ísl. ii. 49:

—the cable to moor a ship to the shore, Eg. 195, Jb. 314, 319, Grág. ii. 354; cp. skut-festar, land-festar, stafn-festar, bjarg-festar:

—a trap (rare), Hrafn. 27.

compds:

festar-auga, n. the loop or eye at the end of a rope, Grett. 141, Fas. ii. 369.

festar-garmr (and festar-hundr), m. nickname of a sailor, Ld.

festar-hald, n. holding the rope, Grett. 96, 141.

festar-hæll, m. a fastening pin, put in the eye of the rope to secure it, Edda 20, Grág. i. 150, Grett. 141.

festar-lauss, adj. without a festr, Vm. 29, 56.

festar-stúfr, m. the stump of a rope, a rope’s end, Grág. ii. 361.

festar-vörðr, m. watcher of the moorings, Jb. 407: a chain, gull-festarvörðr, silfr-festarvörðr;

ketil-festarvörðr, a kettle-chain, whereon to hang the kettle in cooking, = hadda.

II. metaph. and as a law phrase, bail;

festar-penningr, m. a pledge, bail, Fms. x. 199, Stj. Gen. xxxviii. 17, Fas. iii. 548.

III. esp. in pl. festar, betrothals; respecting this matter see the first eight chapters of the Festa-þáttr, in Grág. i. 305–319, and the Sagas passim, Ld. ch. 9, 23, 34, 43, 68, Nj. ch. 9, 13, 33, Gunnl. S. ch. 4, Band. 3, Lv. ch. 12, Hænsa Þ. ch. 11, Harð. S. ch. 3, Sturl. passim; festar fara fram, the betrothal is performed, Fb. ii. 196, Ld. 92, 186; sitja í festum is said of a bride between betrothal and wedding, Nj. 4. compds:

festar-fé, n. a dowry, Fms. x. 284, Stj. 468. 1 Sam. xviii. 25.

festar-gjöf, f. id., D.N.

festar-gull, n. a bridal ring, D.N. (does not occur in old writers).

festar-kona, u, f. a betrothed woman, = Germ. braut, viz. from the betrothal to the wedding, Ísl. ii. 217. Fms. ii. 9, Grág. i. 355.

festar-maðr, m. a betrothed man, Grág. i. 355, Gþl. 212.

festar-mál, n. pl. betrothal, affiance, Lv. 33, Fms. vi. 395, x. 393.

festar-mær (mod. festar-mey), f. a betrothed maid, = festarkona, Fms. iv. 164, v. 33, Þórð. 67, Fas. i. 412.

festar-orð, n. = festarmál, Mar.

festar-váttr, m. a witness at betrothals, Grág. i. 335.

festar-öl, n. betrothal-ale, Fas. iii. 62.

festa-váttorð and festar-vætti, n. a witness or evidence to a betrothal, Grág. i. 313, 330.

Festa-þáttr, m. the section in the Icelandic law treating of betrothal, Grág. l.c.

FET, n. [Swed. fjät = a track; it answers to Lat. pĕd-is, fótr to Gr. ποδ-ός]:

—a pace, step; ganga, stíga, feti framar, to go a step forward, Lv. 59, Skm. 40; ekki fet, not a step; hann gékk fram þrjú fet, Karl. 438; ganga níu fet, Vsp. 56; ok bar níu fet, Fms. i. 129; Jón gékk fet frá kirkjunni, ok féll þá niðr, Sturl. ii. 119; ganga, fara fullum fetum, to go at full pace, Fms. iv. 299, also used metaph. to proceed in one’s own course; með linlegum fetum, with slow steps, Sks. 629; fetum (dat.) as adv. at a pace, Akv. 13.

2. as a measure, a foot, and so in mod. usage, three palm breadths make a ‘fet,’ Hb. 732. 5; a wall five ‘fet’ thick, Grág. ii. 262; ‘fet’ is called a subdivision of ‘passus,’ Rb. 482; a tombstone fourteen ‘fet’ long, Hkr. i. 122; it may, however, mean a pace in Korm. 86, K.Þ.K. 98, and Karl. 396.

feta, in old writers strong, pret. fat, pl. fátu; in mod. usage weak, fetaði, and so in paper MSS., Fas. iii. 492; fötuðu, Bs. i. 291, is undoubtedly an error for fátu:

I. to step, with the notion to find one’s way, of one walking in a fog or darkness,

α. act. with acc.; feta braut, Eb. 208 (in a verse); feta leið (acc.), Grág. ii. 44; feta veg sinn, Bs. l.c.; menn fátu trautt leið sína í sumum stöðum, Ann. 1300, cp. Bs. i. 804.

β. absol., feta burt ór völundar húsi, to find the way out of a labyrinth, Lil. 91; en svá fjarri ferr at ek feta (subj.) þangat, Fas. ii. 284; blindr ok fat eigi til dyranna, Orkn. 192; var ok svá at hann fat af því heim, Grett. 46 new Ed.; fátu þeir eigi heim, Fb. i. 97; ætlaði at hann mundi feta til síðarr, Landn. 146; ok fátu hvergi, and could not find the way, Fas. iii. 401.

II. as an auxiliary verb with an infin.; hve ek yrkja fat, how I did make my poem, Höfuðl. 19; hve ek þylja fat, how I did speak, 3; faztú at árna, thou didst earn, Sighvat; ek fet smíða, I do (can) work, Fms. vi. 170; hann fat gerða, he did gird, Fagrsk. 48; ek fat kjósa, I did choose, Edda 229 (App.); ek fet inna, I do record, Rekst. 29, v.l.; this use, however, although freq. in the poets of the 10th century, became obsolete, and is never met with in prose.

β. in mod. usage, to step, esp. in the phrase, feta í fótspor e-s, to step in one’s foot-prints; þó eg feginn feta vildi fótspor þín, Pass. 30. 10.

feti, a, m. a stepper, pacer, in compds, há-feti, létt-feti, mál-feti, a high-stepper, light-stepper, etc., poët. names of a race-horse.

feti, a, m. [fete, Ivar Aasen], the blade of an axe, Nj. 27, 209.

2. a strand in the thread of the warp.

fetill, m., dat. fetli, pl. fetlar; an older dat. form fatli (cp. katli) seems to be left in the phrase, bera hönd í fatla (qs. fatli), to carry the arm in a sling: [Germ. fessel]:

—the strap by which a bag is hung on the shoulder, N.G.L. i. 349: the strap or belt of a shield or sword (skjaldar-fetill, sverðs-fetill, Gr. τελαμών), umgörð ok fetlar, Fas. i. 414, El. 22, 33, Edda 123, N.G.L. ii. 422; hence the sword is in poetry called fetil-stingi, a, m. a ‘belt-pin,’ etc. fetla-byrðr, f. a burthen carried by straps, N.G.L. i. 143.

fet-mál, n. a measured step, pace.

fetta, tt, [fattr], to bend back; fetta fingr, to bend the fingers back; fetta fingr úti e-t, to criticise (unfairly); vide fingr.

fettr, adj. slender, = fattr.

fettur, f. pl. mimics, in the phrase, fettur og brettur.

FEYJA, ð, in mod. usage inserting g, feygja, [cp. fúinn], to let decay, go to ruin; hann feyr (mod. feygir) hús niðr fyrir óræktar sakir, he lets the house decay, Gþl. 332.

FEYKJA, t, [fjúka], to blow, drive away, with dat., Ps. i. 4, Rd. 272: absol., Fas. ii. 238: metaph., feykja at e-m, to rush at one, Al. 40; hann feykir (rushes) inn í húsit sem kólfi skyti, Fms. vii. 342.

feyra, u, f. mites in cheese, etc.;

feyrðr, part. mity.

feyskinn, adj. [fauskr], rotten, esp. of timber.

FIÐLA, u, f. [A.S. fidele; Germ. fiedel], a fiddle, Fms. vii. 97, xi. 353 (in a verse);

fiðlu-sláttr, playing on a fiddle, Hom. 106.

fiðlari, a, m. a fiddler, Hkr. i. 30.

fiðra, að, to touch or tickle with a feather;

fiðringr, m. the effect of being tickled;

fiðraðr, part. feathered, of arrows, Fas. ii. 173.

FIÐRI, mod. fiðr, n. feathers (vide fjöðr), Edda 46, Stj. 83, Fms. vi. 85 (in a verse);

sængr-fiðri, the feathers of a bed;

álptar-fiðri, swan feathers;

gæsar-fiðri, goose feathers;

again, a quill is fjöðr.

fiðrildi, n. a butterfly, vide fífrildi.

fiðr-varinn, part. wearing feathers, of a bird, Fas. i. 477 (in a verse).

fika, að, in the phrase, fika sig upp, to climb nimbly as a spider.

fikta, að, to fumble, grope with a thing, as a child, (mod.)

fila, u, f. [vide fjöl], a deal, thin board, N.G.L. i. 75.

FILLA, u, f. the greasy fat flesh, e.g. of a halibut; esp. the thick film of the head, in vanga-filla, kinn-filla, haus-filla, hnakka-filla

filungr, m. one who cuts deals, N.G.L. i. 101, Gþl. 80.

II. a bird, procellaria maxima.

fimask, að, dep. to hasten, Karl. 382, (rare.)

FIMBUL-, [cp. Germ. fimmel = an iron wedge; Bohem. fimol; Swed. fimmel-stång = the handle of a sledge-hammer; in Icel. obsolete, and only used in four or five compds in old poetry], mighty, great, viz.

fimbul-fambi, a, m. a mighty fool, Hm. 103;

fimbul-ljóð, n. pl. mighty songs, Hm. 141;

fimbul-týr, m. the mighty god, great helper, Vsp. 59;

fimbul-vetr, m. the great and awful winter preceding the end of the world, Vþm. 44;

fimbul-þul, f. the roaring of a river, Gm. 27, Edda (Gl.);

fimbul-þulr, m. the great wise man, Hm. 143.

fimi, mod. fimni, f. nimbleness; vide vápn-fimi.

fim-leikr (fim-leiki), m. nimbleness, agility, Fms. ii. 5, 170, vi. 5, 225.

fimleika-maðr, m. a nimble man, Ísl. ii. 191.

fim-liga, adv. (fim-ligr, adj.), nimbly, Fms. ii. 268, Bær. 19.

FIMM, a cardinal numb. [Lat. quinque; Gr. πέντε; Goth. fimf; A.S. fif; Engl. five; Germ. fünf; Swed.-Dan. fem]:

—five, passim; fimm sinnum, five times, passim.

compds:

fimm-deila, u, f. the fifth part, Ám. 111.

fimm-deila, d, to divide into five shares, Ám. 84.

fimm-faldr, adj. fivefold, Sks. 416.

fimm-nættungr, m. a law phrase, a summons with five nights’ notice, N.G.L. i. 124, K.Á. 182, v.l.

fimm-tíu, indecl., old fimm-tigir, m. pl. fifty.

fimm-tugandi, mod. fimm-tugasti, the fiftieth, 686 C. 1, Stj. 110, Orkn. 360, Greg. 73.

fimm-tögr or fimm-tugr, adj. fifty years old, Fms. xi. 75:

—measuring fifty (ells, fathoms, or the like), cp. áttræðr.

fimmta, að, to summon (v. fimt), Gþl. 423.

fimm-tán, a cardinal numb. fifteen, passim,

fimmtán-sessa, u, f. a ship with fifteen seats, Hkr. i. 215.

fimm-tándi, an ordinal numb, the fifteenth, passim.

fimmti, an ordinal numb, the fifth, passim.

fimmti-dagr, mod. fimtu-dagr, m. the fifth day, Thursday (vide dagr), 415. 8, Bs. i. 237, Rb. 112, Fms. v. 97; Nj. 274.

fimmtungr, m. the fifth part, Eg. 266, Fms. i. 23, Rb. 136, N.G.L. i. 79, Gþl. 283.

FIMR, adj. nimble, agile, in bodily exercise; fimr við leika, Fms. ii. 91; fimr ok hverjum manni görvari at sér um alla hluti, viii. 343; sterkr ok fimr, Hkr. i. 290; fimr ok skjótr, Fms. x. 314; fimr í orrostum, ii. 106:

—neut. as adv. dexterously, speedily, bændum fór eigi fimt at reka flóttann, viii. 407; nú lát við fimt at leita duranna, Hom. 120;

víg-fimr, skilled in fight;

orð-fimr, mál-fimr, quick of tongue, eloquent:

the prop. noun Fima-fengr prob. means nimble-fingered, Ls.

FIMT or fimmt, f. a number of five:

fimtar-tala, u, f. a set of five or multiple of five (as fifteen, fifty, etc.), Bs. i. 190.

2. [Swed. femt = a kind of court], a law phrase, a summoning before a court with a notice of five days: a standing phrase in the Norse law, so that the verb fimta means to summon: so, fimtar-grið, n. pl. a truce during a fimt, N.G.L. i. 342, 351; fimmtar-nafn, n. a citation with a fimt’s notice, 86; fimmtar-stefna, u, f. a citation before a court with a fimt’s notice, K.Á. 184: the phrase gera e-m fimt simply means to summon, N.G.L. i. 346, passim; one fimt is the shortest notice for summoning, five fimts the longest,—fimm fimtum hit lengsta, ef hann veit nær þing skal vera, 21:

—the law provides that no summoning shall take place on Tuesday, because in that case the court-day would fall on Sunday, the day of summoning not being counted, N.G.L., Jb., and K.Á. passim.—This law term is very curious, and seems to be a remnant of the old heathen division of time into fimts (pentads), each month consisting of six such weeks; the old heathen year would then have consisted of seventy-two fimts, a holy number, as composed of 2 × 36 and 6 × 12. With the introduction of the names of the planetary days (vide dagr) and the Christian week, the old fimt only remained in law and common sayings; thus in Hm. 73,—‘there are many turns of the weather in five days (viz. a fimt), but more in a month,’ which would be unintelligible unless we bear in mind that a fimt just answered to our week; or verse 50,—‘among bad friends love flames high for five days, but is slaked when the sixth comes;’ in a few cases, esp. in ecclesiastical law, sjaund (hebdomad) is substituted for the older fimt, N.G.L. passim; it is curious that in Icel. law (Grág.) the fimt scarcely occurs, as in Icel. the modern week seems to have superseded the old at an early time.

compds:

Fimtar-dómr, m. the Fifth High Court in the Icel. Commonwealth, vide dómr, Grág. Þ.Þ., etc.; the form of the word is irregular, as it means the Fifth Court (added to the four Quarter Courts) = dómr hinn fimmti, as it is also called in Grág. Þ.Þ. ch. 24 sqq.; the old Scandin. law term fimt seems to have floated before the mind of the founders, as fimtar-dómr etymologically answers to Swed. femt, i.e. a court before which one has to appear a ‘fimt’ from the citation.

Fimtardóms-eiðr, m. the oath to be taken in the Fifth Court, Grág. Þ.Þ. ch. 26. 27, Nj. 241; in Sturl. ii. 128 used of an oath worded as the oath in the Fifth Court.

Fimtardóms-lög, n. pl. the institution of F., Íb. 13, Nj. 166.

Fimtardóms-mal, n. an action before the Fifth Court, Nj. 231.

Fimtardoms-stefna, u, f. a citation before the Fifth Court, Nj. 168.

Fimtardóms-sök, f. a case to be brought before the Fifth Court, Grág. i. 360, Nj. 244.

fimtar-þing, n. a (Norse) meeting called so, Js. 41.

FINGR, m., gen. fingrar, mod. fingrs; dat. fingri; pl. fingr; a neut. fingr occurs in O.H.L. 73, 74, which gender is still found in Swed. dialects; the acc. pl. is in conversation used as fem., an Icel. says allar fingr, not alla fingr: [Goth. figgrs; A.S. finger, etc.; whereas Lat. digitus and Gr. δάκτυλος etymologically answer to Icel. tá, Engl. toe, Germ. zehe, a finger of the foot]:

—a finger, Grág. i. 498, Hkr. ii. 380, 384, Magn. 518, passim: the names of the fingers—

þumal-fingr, the thumb;

vísi-fingr, the index finger, also called sleiki-fingr, lick-finger;

langa-töng, long-prong;

græði-fingr, leech-finger, also, but rarely, called baug-fingr, digitus annuli;

litli-fingr, the little finger.

Sayings or phrases:—playing with one’s fingers is a mark of joy or happiness—leika fingrum (Rm. 24), or leika við fingr sér (sína), Fms. iv. 167, 172, vii. 172, Orkn. 324, mod. leika við hvern sinn fingr; also spila fingra, id., Fbr. 198; vita e-ð upp á sinar tíu fingr, to know a thing on one’s ten fingers, i.e. have at one’s fingers’ ends; fetta fingr útí e-t, to find fault with; rétta e-m fingr, digito monstrare, Grett. 117; sjá ekki fingra sinna skil, not to be able to distinguish one’s fingers, of blindness, Bs. i. 118: other phrases are rare and of foreign origin, e.g. sjá í gegnum fingr við e-n, to shut one’s eyes to a thing, etc.; fingr digrir, thick fingers, of a clown, Rm. 8; but mjó-fingraðr, taper-fingered, epithet of a lady, 36; fingra-mjúkr, nimble-fingered; fingrar-þykkr, a finger thick, Al. 165; fingrar gómr, a finger’s end, Fs. 62; fingra staðr, the print of the fingers, Symb. 59; fingrar breidd, a finger’s breadth. In the Norse law (N.G.L. i. 172) the fingers are taxed, from the thumb at twelve ounces, to the little finger at one ounce—not so in the curious lawsuit recorded in Sturl. i. ch. 18–27. Also a measure, a finger’s breadth, Nj. 27, cp. MS. 732. 5: arithm. any number under ten, Alg. 362: botan., skolla-fingr, a kind of fern, lycopodium. fingra-járn, n. a ‘finger-iron,’ a thimble (?), Dipl. v. 18. fingr-hæð, f. a finger’s height, as measure.

fingr-björg, f. [Swed. finger-borg], a ‘finger-shield,’ a thimble.

fingr-brjótr, m. a ‘finger-breaker,’ a false move in chess, but uncertain which, Fms. iv. 366.

fingr-gull, n. a ‘finger-gold’, a ring, Nj. 16, Boll. 356, Bs. i. 641, Fms. iv. 130, Worsaae 243–246, 381–383, 433 sqq.

fingr-höggva, hjó, to hew one’s finger off, Ann. 1342.

fingrungr, m. a finger-ring, Stj. 191.

FINNA, pret. fann, 2nd pers. fannt, mod. fanst; pl. fundu; pres. finn and finnr; in old MSS. and poetry freq. fiðr, Hm. 23, but finnr 63; pret. subj. fynda; part. fundinn; sup. fundit; the forms funnu and funnit may be found in MSS., but were probably never so pronounced; for even in Haustl. hund and fundu rhyme together; with the neg. suff. fannka, Hm. 38: [Ulf. finþan; A.S. findan; Engl. find; Germ. finden; Swed. finna; Dan. finde]:

—to find; Finnar kómu aptr ok höfðu fundit hlutinn, Landn. 174; hann leitar ok fiðr, Ísl. ii. 321; Knútr hinn Fundni, Canute the Foundling, Fms. i. 112; hann herjaði á Ísland ok fann þar jarðhús mikit, Landn. 32; fundu þeir Hjörleif dauðan, 35; þar fundusk undir bein, Ld. 328.

2. to meet one; hversu opt hann fyndi smala-mann Þórðar, Ld. 138; ok vildi eigi finna Hákon konung, Fms. x. 3.

β. to visit; en þó gakk þú at finna konung, Nj. 7; veiztu ef þú vin átt … far þú at finna opt, Hm. 120.

3. to find out, invent, discover: Þorsteinn er fann sumar-auka, Landn. 131, Ld. 12; Nói fann vín at göra, Al. 64, Stj. 191; rúnar munt þú finna, Hm. 143: hann fann margar listir, þær sem áðr höfðu eigi fundnar verit, Edda (pref.)

β. to discover a country; leita lands þess er Hrafna-Flóki hafði fundit, Fms. i. 238: þá er Ísland fannsk ok bygðisk, Landn. 24; þá rak vestr í haf ok fundu þar land mikit, 26; land þat er kallat er Grænaland fannsk ok bygðisk af Íslandi, Íb. 9; í þann tíma fannsk Ísland, Eg. 15.

γ. metaph. finna e-n at e-u, a law phrase, to bring a charge home to one, Fms. xi. 75; hence also, vera fundinn að e-n, to be guilty of a thing; vera ekki at því fundinn, to be not guilty of a thing; cp. the Engl. to ‘find’ guilty.

II. metaph.

1. to find, perceive, notice, feel; þú fannt at ek lauss lifi, Fm. 8; Gunnhildr finnr þat, Nj. 9; fundu þeir þá brátt, at þangat var skotið öllum málum, Eb. 330; hitki hann fiðr þótt þen um hann fár lesi, Hm. 23; þá þat finnr er at þingi kemr, 24, 63; þeir fundu eigi fyrr en fjölmenni dreif at þeim, Fms. i. 136, Nj. 79.

β. impers. fann þat á, it could be perceived, Eg. 51; fann þó mjök á Dofra, er þeir skildu, i.e. D. felt much at their parting, Fms. x. 175; fann litt á honum, hvárt honum þótti vel eðr illa, it was little to be seen, whether …, Eb. 42.

γ. finna til, to feel hurt, feel a sore pang, is a freq. mod. phrase, but rarely occurs in old writers: finnr þú nökkut til hverr fjándskapr, etc., Anal. 175; en Aldrían fann ekkí til þessa sjálfr, áðr einn riddari tók brandinn af honum, Þiðr. 358; hence tilfinning, feeling.

2. to find, bring forward; finna e-t til, in support of a charge; ok finna þat til foráttu, at …, Nj. 15; hvat finnr þú helzt til þess, how dost thou make that out? 49; hann fann þó þat til, at …, Fms. vii. 258; Eyólfr fann þat til, at …, Nj. 244; hvat finnr þú til þess, what givest thou as the reason? Eb. 184; finna e-t við, to make objection to; hvártz hinn fiðr við, at hann sé eigi þar í þingi, Grág, i. 22; þá fundu þeir þat við, um gjaforð þetta, Fms. x. 87, v.l.

3. as a law phrase, to find money, to pay, lay out; hann skal eigi finna meira af fé því, en kaupa leg, Grág. i. 207; allra aura þeirra er úmaginn skal finna með sér, 206; ok slíka aura f. honum, ii. 210; á hann enga heimting til þess er hann fann við, Jb. 421 (MS.); ef maðr selr úmaga til frafærslu ok finnr fé með, Grág. i. 266; þeim þræli er hann hefir fulla verðaura fyrir fundit, 358; hence in the old oath, ek hefka fé boðit í dóm þenna, hefka ek fundit, ok monka finna, hvárki til laga né úlaga (where bjóða and finna are opposed, i.e. bjóða to offer, finna to pay actually), 75: hence is derived the law phrase, at finna sjálfan sik fyrir, to pay with one’s self, according to the law maxim, that ‘he that cannot pay with his purse shall pay with his body,’ used metaph. to pay dear, to feel sorely; kvað makligt at hann fyndi sik fyrir, Sturl. iii. 213, Eb. 154; skaltú sjálfan þik fyrir finna, Fms. iii. 110, xi. 256, Þorst. Síðu H. 9; the pun in Anal. 177 is a mere play of words.

4. finna at e-u, to censure, Fbr. 112, Edda (pref.), very freq. in mod. usage, hence að-finnsla and að-fyndni, censure; nearly akin is the phrase, þat eitt finn ek Gunnlaugi, at mér þykir hann vera úráðinn, that is the only fault I find with Gunlaug, Ísl. ii. 217; ef nokkut væri þat er at mætti finna, if there was anything to blame, Sks. 69 new Ed.

III. reflex.,

1. recipr. to meet with one another, Fms. i. 19, Nj. 8, 48; eigi kemr mér þat á úvart þótt vit finnimk á Íslandi, Fs. 20.

2. for some instances where the sense seems purely passive, see above.

3. freq. in a half passive reflex. sense, to be found, to occur; finnask dæmi til, examples occur, Gþl. 45; þat finnsk ritað, it is found written, occurs in books, Fms. ii. 153; finnsk í kvæðum þeim er …, Eg. 589.

β. metaph. to be perceived, fannsk þat mjök í ræðu Erlings, Fms. vii. 258: adding á, fannsk þat opt á jarli, Nj. 46; fannsk þat á öllu, at, it was easy to see, that …, 17, 90; þat fannsk á Arnkatli goða, at …, Eb. 178.

γ. finnask til e-s, to be pleased with a thing: impers., fannsk Grími fátt til hans, Grim was little pleased with him, Eg. 190; ekki fannsk Eiríki til þessa verks, Eric was not much pleased with it, Fs. 149; fannsk mér fleira til hans en annarra, I liked him better than the rest, Fms. i. 141; e-m finnst til e-s, to value; honum finnsk ekki til, he thinks naught of it, thinks it worthless; Fas. i. 317, freq. in mod. usage: finnask at e-u, to admire, Sighvat (obsol.): so in the phrase, láta sér lítið um finnask, to pay little heed to, rather dislike, Hkr. iii. 244; konungr lét sér ekki um þat finnask, Fms. iv. 195; lét hann sér fátt um finnask, vii. 29; Dagr lét sér ekki um finnask eðr fátt, iv. 382; Ölvi fannsk mikit um hann, O. admired him much, Nj. 41; fannsk mönnum mikit um tal þeirra, 18; honum fannsk um mikit, he was much surprised, Hkr. iii. 355: e-m finnsk, one thinks, it seems to one; mér finnsk sem hann hafi önga verki, methinks he feels no pain, Barl. 101: finnsk mér svá, at engi maðr, methinks that no man, 15: very freq. in conversation, with infin. it seems to me, methinks.

IV. part. finnandi, a finder, 655 xii. 2;

finnanda-spik, n. blubber which is the perquisite of the finder of a whale, Grág. ii. 383:

part. pass. fundit, beseeming, nú mun ok vel fundit, at …, Anal. 173.

FINNAR, m. the Finns and Lapps;

Finnr, m. a Finn;

Finna and Finn-kona, u, f. a Finn woman, Fms. x. 378;

Finn-mörk, f. Finmark, Fms. passim;

Finnland, n. Finland;

Finnlendingar, m. pl. the Finns; the name Lapps only occurs in Orkn. ch. 1. and Ann. of the 14th century;

Finn-ferð or Finn-för, f. or Finn-kaup, n. travelling or trading with the Finns or Lapps, Fms. vii, Eg. 25, Hkr. ii. 162;

Finn-skattr, m. tribute paid by the Finns, Eg. 53, Fms. vi. 377;

Finn-skref, n. cargo in a Finn merchant ship, Fas. ii. 515. 516;

Finnskr, adj. Finnic, Lapp, etc., vide Fms. passim.

The trade with the Finns or Lapps was in old times regarded as a royal monopoly, cp. esp. Eg. ch. 10, 14. Ó.H. ch. 122, Har. S. harðr. ch. 104, 106. and the deeds and laws passim.

II. again the Finns or Lapps were in old times notorious for sorcery, hence the very names Finn and sorcerer became synonymous, cp. Vd. ch. 12, Landn. 3. 2, Har. S. hárf. ch. 25, 34, Hkr. Ól. S. Tr. ch. 36; the law forbids to believe in Finns or witchcraft (trúa á Finn eðr fordæður), N.G.L. i. 389, 403:—often in the phrase,

Finn-ferð, f. going to the Finns; fara Finn-farar, f. pl. (N.G.L. i. 350) and fara á Finn-mörk at spyrja spá (352) are used like Germ. ‘to go to the Blocksberg;’

Finn-vitka, að, to ‘Finn-witch,’ i.e. bewitch like a Finn, Fb. ii. 78;

Finn-bólur, f. pl. or Finnar, m. pl., medic. ‘Finn-pox,’ pustules in the face, Fél. ix. 209;

Finn-brækr, f. pl. ‘Finn-breeks,’ wizard-breeks, concerning which see Maurer’s Volkssagen.

finnerni, mod. firnindi, n. pl. a wilderness, desert, in the phrase, fjöll ok f., Fms. viii. 432.

finn-gálkn, n. (finn-galp, Fas. iii. 473, wrongly), a fabulous monster, half man, half beast, Nj. 183, Landn. 317. v.l., Fms. v. 246: the word centaur is rendered by finngálkn, 673. 2, Rb. (1812. 17); hence

finn-gálknað, part. n. a gramm. term to express incongruous metaphors and the like, cp. Horace’s ‘desinit in piscem …,’ Skálda 187, 204.

finnungr, m., botan. juncus squarrosus;

sinu-finnungr, töðu-finnungr, nardus stricta, Norse Finna-skæg = Finn’s beard.

FIPA, að, fipa fyrir e-m, to disturb, confuse one in reading or speaking: reflex., e-m fipast, one is confounded, in reading or talking.

fipla, að, to touch, finger, Grett. 203 A: for the proverb vide feigr; †fiplanda í loptið upp, rendering of Lat. ‘inanes auras sectantem,’ Vitae Patrum (Unger).

fipling, vide fífling.

firi,† n. an ebbing; see ör-firi.

firin-verk, n. pl. lechery, Hkv. 1. 40.

firn, n. pl. (mod. firni), [Ulf. fairina = αἰτία], an abomination, shocking thing; mæltu margir at slíkt væri mikil firn, Nj. 156, Fs. 62, Sturl. i. 12, Fms. vi. 38, Gullþ. 13; svá miklum firnum, Eg. 765; f. ok endemi, or heyr á firn, what a monstrous thing! Fms. vii. 21, 25: the saying, firnum nýtr þess er firnum fær, cp. the Lat. ‘male parta male dilabuntur,’ Fbr. 28, Grett. 16 new Ed.: gen. pl. firna-, used as a prefix to adjectives and nouns, shockingly.

compds:

firna-djarfr, adj. mad, Fms. vii. 65, xi. 54.

firna-frost, n. an awful frost, Hom. 87.

firna-fullr, adj. awful, Fas. i. 24.

firna-harðr, adj. violent, Fms. viii. 225.

II. in mod. usage, firni = a great deal, a lot; firnin öll, a vast lot.

firna, að, [Ulf. fairinon = μωμασθαι], to blame, with acc. of the person, gen. of the thing, Hm. 92, 93; firnattu mik, blame not me, Korm. 100 (in a verse); firna e-n um e-t, id., Mork. 36.

firnari, compar. one degree farther, of odd degrees of cousinship. e.g. three on one side and four on the other, Grág. i. 50. 171, passim: cp. D. l. i. 385.

FIRRA, ð, [fjarri], to deprive one of a thing, with dat. of the thing, acc. of the person; þegar er hann firði Þórð augum, whenever he lost sight of Thord, Fms. vi. 201; firðr ríki ok fóstrlandi, bereft of kingdom and ‘fosterland,’ iii. 6; firra e-n festar-konu sinni, Grág. i. 314; firra konu ráði lögráðanda, 343, cp. Kb. ii. 50.

β. to save, defend; viðr því firri (defend) oss Guðs son, Stj. 152; firra e-n ámæli, Fms. v. 307; firra e-n úhæfu. vi. 383; úhöppum, Lv. 94 (Ed. fríum).

2. reflex. to shun; firrask fund e-s, Eg. 70: hann vildi f. alþýðu þys, Fms. i. 272; firsk þú eigi gæfu þína, don’t shirk thy good luck, Glúm. 382; firrask e-n eðr flýja, Grág. i. 233; ef kona firrisk bónda sinn, if a wife elopes from her husband, 353, cp. Hm. 163; heilsa firrisk e-n, health departs from one, Sturl. ii. 114 C.

II. part. firðr or firrðr, as adj. bereft of, void of, Skv. 2. 7, 3. 13, 24; vammi firð, faultless, holy, Stor. 23.

firri, adj. compar. farther, Nj. 124, (vide fjarr.)

firring, f. a shunning, removal, Bs. i. 740.

firtur, f. pl. fretfulness;

firtinn, adj. fretful;

firtast, t, dep. to fret.

firzkr, adj. from fjörðr, q.v., in a great many compds, Breið-firzkr, Ey-firzkr, Skag-firzkr, etc., Landn., Sagas, passim.

fiska, að, to fish, vide fiskja.

fisk-bein, n. a fish-bone, Blas. 40, Bs. i. 368.

fisk-bleikr, adj. pale as a fish, Fms. vii. 269.

fisk-gengd, f. a shoal of fish, Grág. ii. 350.

fisk-hryggr, m. a fish-spine, Fms. viii. 221.

fiski, f., irreg. gen. fiskjar (as if from fiskr), fishing, Grág. ii. 383, Gþl. 422, Bs. i. 360; leysa net til fiskjar, 656 C. 2; róa, fara til fiskjar, to go a-fishing, Edda 35, Bs. i. 654, Fas. ii. 113; fara í fiski, Grág. i. 150; róa á fiski, Gullþ. 5, Fbr. 158; róa at fiski, Bs. i. 654; öll fiski í Laxá, Am. 91.

compds:

fiski-afli, a, m. fishing stores.

fiski-á, f. a fish-river, Jb. 305.

fiski-bátr, m. a fishing-boat, 625. 63.

fiski-bekkr, m. a brook full of fish, Fr.

fiski-brögð, n. pl. fishing,

fiski-búð, f. a fishing-booth, Grág. i. 471.

fiski-dráttr, m. catching fish.

fiski-dugga, u, f., vide dugga.

fiski-fang, n. a catch of fish, Eg. 130, Fms. xi. 225; in pl. stores of fish, Bjarn. 34.

fiski-fýla, u, f. ‘fish-fouler,’ a nickname of one who returns without having caught any fish, fara fýlu, Finnb. 352.

fiski-færi, n. fishing-gear.

fiski-för, f. a fishing expedition, Gþl. 425.

fiski-gangr, m., fiski-ganga, u, f., and fiski-gengd, f. a shoal of fish, Vígl. 22.

fiski-garðr, m. a fish-pond, B.K. 119.

fiski-gjöf, f. a contribution in fish, N.G.L. i. 257.

fiski-gögn, n. pl. fishing-tackle, Gþl. 424.

fiski-hylr, m. a fish-pond, Fr.

fiski-karl, m. a fisherman, Fas. i. 6: metaph. a spider = dordingull, q.v.

fiski-kufl, m. a fishing-jacket with a cowl or hood, Fms. vi. 388.

fiski-ligt, n. adj. fit for fishing, Bs. ii. 141.

fiski-lækr, m. a brook full of fish, Glúm., Karl. 486.

fiski-maðr, m. a fisherman, Bs. i. 360, Blas. 38, Fms. vii. 121, 122.

fiski-mál, n. the range within which fishing is carried on, Gþl. 461.

fiski-mið, n. the place where the fish-shoals are.

fiski-net, n. a fishing-net.

fiski-róðr, m. rowing out for fish in an open boat, Eb. 26, 28, Bárð. 169.

fiski-saga, u, f. fish-news, viz. of shoals of fish, in the saying, flýgr fiskisaga, Þjal. 35.

fiski-setr, n. a fishing-place, Boldt.

fiski-skáli, a, m. a fisherman’s hut, Fms. v. 305, Grág. i. 471.

fiski-skip, n. a fishing-boat, 656 C. 2, Bs. i. 326.

fiski-stöð, f. a fishing-place, N.G.L. i. 257.

fiski-stöng, f. a fishing-spear, Gísl. 21.

fiski-tollr, m. fish-toll, Vm. 149.

fiski-vatn, n. a lake full of fish, Gþl. 455, Stj. 91; in pl. as local name, Ld.

fiski-veiðr, f. a catching of fish, Fms. v. 232, Grág. ii. 337, Vm. 158, 170.

fiski-vél, f. a fishing device, D.N.

fiski-ver, n. a fishing-place, fishing, Fms. xi. 225, Pm. 74, Band. 4, Hkr. ii. 272.

fiski-vist, f. a fisherman’s abode, Vm. 155.

fiskinn, adj. good at fishing.

fiskja, t; pret. pl. fisktu, Landn. 271; fiskþi, Grág. Kb. i. 132; fiskja, N.G.L. i. 139, Bs. i. 326; pres. fiskir, Grág. i. 470, 471; fiscar, Kb. i. 132, is undoubtedly wrong; fiskt (sup.), 656 C. 2: in mod. usage always að, and so in MSS. of the 15th century; pres. fiskar, Gþl. 427; pret. fiskaði, Bs. i. 360; pl. fiskaðu, Fas. ii. 111, B.K. 120:

—to fish; fiskja síld, Fms. x. 22; †karl fiskti þá ýsu, en áðr hafði hann fiskt löngu, Frissb. 255.

fisk-laust, n. adj. ‘fish-less;’ and

fisk-leysi, n. bad fishing.

fisk-lýsi, n. fish-oil.

FISKR, m. [Lat. piscis; Ulf. fisks; A.S. fisc; Engl. fish; Germ. fisch; Swed.-Dan. fisk]:

—a fish, of both sea and fresh-water fish, esp. cod, trout, salmon are often κατ ἐξ. called ‘fish,’ Sks. 180, Hkr. ii. 385; var þar undir f. nógr, Bárð. 169; at miði því er þik man aldri fisk bresta, id.; þar var hvert vatn fullt af fiskum, Eg. 134; fugla ok fiska, Grág. ii. 345, Sturl. ii. 165, passim; of the zodiacal fishes, 1812. 17:

—different kind of fish,

heilagr fiskr (mod. heilag-fiski), halibut, Þorf. Karl., Bs. i. 365;

flatr fiskr, id., Edda 35;

hval-fiskr, a ‘whale fish;’

beit-fiskr (q.v.), bait fish;

ill-fiskar, ill or evil fishes, sharks;

skel-fiskar, shell fish;

blautr fiskar, fresh fish, N.G.L. iii. ch. 2, 5;

skarpr fiskar, dried fish, Bs. i. 209, 365, 367, in mod. usage harðr fiskr;

freð-fiskr = frer-fiskr, frozen fish, preserved by being frozen:

as to fishing vide Hým. 17 sqq., Bs. ii. ch. 2, 87, Guðm. S. ch. 87, Nj. ch. 11, Edda l.c., Eb. ch. 11, Fbr. ch. 40, Landn. 2. 5, Ld. ch. 12, 58, Bárð. ch. 9, Rafn S. ch. 10, D.I. and Bs. passim in the Miracle-books: the section of law regarding this important branch of livelihood in Iceland is wanting in the present Grágás, proving that this collection is not complete, but in a fragmentary state.

β. the flesh of a fish, for in Icel. the word flesh can only be used of a land-animal; thus, hvítr á fiskinn, having white flesh.

II. metaph., kinn-fiskar, the flesh on the cheeks (of a man); kinnfiska-soginn, with sunken cheeks: the phrase, e-m vex fiskr um hrygg, one’s back gains muscle, i.e. one gains strength: fjör-fiskr, live fish, a phrase for spasms of the muscles, the ‘growing pains’ common in children,—the fjör-fiskr is said to bound or leap (sprikla), which is regarded as a sign of good health and growth.

III. fish were used as units of value, each = half an ell’s worth (vide alin), esp. in southern and Western Icel., cp. fiskvirði; hence the standing phrase in the title-page of books of later times, ‘charge so many fishes.’

compds:

fiska-á, f. = fiskiá, Jb. 305.

fiska-ferð, f. = fiskigangr, B.K. 119.

fiska-kaup, n. the purchase of (dried) fish, Bjarn. 34.

fiska-kyn, n. a kind of fish, Stj. 18.

fiska-merki, n. the zodiac, Rb. 104.

fiska-pollr, m. a fish-pool, Bret.

fiska-skip, n. a fishing-vessel, Fms. v. 101.

fiska-stöð, f. = fiskistöð, Ld. 4.

fiska-stöng, f. = fiskistöng, Gísl. 104.

fiska-tíund, f. fish-tithe, Vm. 173.

fiska-tollr, fiska-ver, vide fiski-, Am. 3, Fms. iv. 330, and endless other compds.

fisk-reki, a, m. ‘fish-driver,’ a kind of whale, Edda (Gl.), Sks. 125; as a nickname, Eb., Landn.: fish drifted ashore, Vm. 18.

fisk-veiðr, fisk-ver, etc., vide fiski-.

fisk-virði, n. the value of a fish, about two-pence Engl.; cp. fiskr III.

fisk-æti, n. fish-meat.

FIT, f., pl. fitjar, gen. fitja, dat. fitjum, the webbed foot of water-birds, (hence fit-fuglar opposed to kló-fuglar), Grág. i. 416, Sks. 169: also of a seal, 179.

fitja-skamr, adj. havinga short f. (of a seal), Ld. 56.

2. the web or skin of the feet of animals, flá fit af fremra fæti, ok göra af skó, N.G.L. i. 31, Fas. iii. 386, Fms. iv. 336.

II. metaph. meadow land on the banks of a firth, lake, or river, Fms. iv. 41, Vm. 168; á fitjum ár þeirrar er fellr millum húsa, Krók. 38, Eg. 132; Agnafit (in Sweden), very freq. in Icel. names of places, vide Landn.

2. the edge or hem of a sock, knitted things, etc., hence fitja upp, to begin knitting a piece; dúkr fitja-lagðr, a hemmed kerchief, Pm. 99.

fita, u, f. [feitr], fat, grease, Fms. iii. 186; in many compds.

fit-fugl, n. a web-footed bird, water-bird, Sks. 169.

fitja, að, [cp. A.S. fettan, Engl. to fit], to web, knit; hann lét fitja saman fingrna, he webbed the fingers together, like the foot of a duck or seal, in order to swim better, Grett. 148.

β. fitja upp sokk, etc., to ‘cast on’ a sock or the like, i.e. make the first stitches in knitting it: metaph., fitja upp á nef sér, to knit or screw up the nose in anger, Dan. ‘slaa kröller paa næsen;’ so in Engl. ‘to knit the brows.’

fitla, að, to finger, to fidget; f. með fingrinum, Clar.; and

fitl, n. fidgeting.

fitna, að, to become fat, Karl. 448.

fit-skór, m. a shoe made of fit (l. 2 = hemingr), Fms. vii. 297.

FÍFA, u, f. [Gr. πάππος], cotton grass, eriophorum, Stj. 40; Icel. say, léttr sem fifa, light as f.;

fífu-kveykr, m. a wick of f.

β. metaph. and poët. an arrow, Edda (Gl.): the name of a ship, from her swiftness, Orkn.

fífil-bleikr, adj. dandelion-yellow, used only of a horse, Vígl. 20, Finnb. 278.

FÍFILL, m., dat. fífli, pl. fíflar, a dandelion; the withered fífill is called bifu-kolla, q.v.: used in compds of divers wild flowers of similar kind, unda-fífill or skari-fífill, hawk-weed; Jakobs-fífill, Jacob’s staff; fjalla-fífill, common avens or herb bennet, geum; heiða-fífill, liver-wort, hepatica alba; tún-fífill = common fífill, Björn, Hjalt.: metaph. a flower, blossom; renna upp sem fífill í brekku, to run up like a weed on a bank (of youth); fegri man eg fífil minn, I mind when my bloom was fairer, i.e. remember happier days, Eggert.

FÍFL, m. [A.S. fifal = monster], a fool, clown, boor, Gísl. 46 sqq., Korm. 76, Sd. 176, Fms. vi. 217; fífl ok afglapi, ii. 156: the proverb, því er fífl að fátt er kennt, no wonder one is a fool, if one has never been taught; dala-fífl, a ‘dale-fool,’ one born and bred in a low dale, Gautr. S. (Fas. iii), ch. 1 sqq., Parcevals S.; for popular tales respecting such characters vide Ísl. Þjóðs. ii. 505 sqq.; eldhús-fífl = Germ. asch-brödel; skáld-fífl, a poëtaster, Edda. fífls-ligr, adj. foolish; f. hjal, foolish talk, Flóv. 43.

fífla, u, f. a girl, Grett.

fífla, d, [fivle, Ivar Aasen], with acc. to fool one, Skálda 168.

2. to beguile a woman, Glúm. 377, Fs. 60, Nj. 107: reflex., fíflask at konu, id., Rd. 318, Bs. i. 663: of a woman, to fall into illicit love, Stj. 321, Bs. i. 653.

fíflingar, f. pl. beguilement, Lv. 5, Fs. 138, Eb. 142, Bs. i. 447.

fífl-megir, m. pl. an ἅπ. λεγ., Vsp. 51, ‘monster-men,’ fiends; cp. A.S. fifal = monster.

fífl-ræða, u, f. foolish talk, nonsense, Mag. 6.

fíflska, u, f. foolishness, folly, Eg. 729;

fíflsku-fullr, adj. full of folly, Hkr. iii. 274.

fífl-skapr, m. folly, 625. 192; hence the phrase, hafa e-t í fiflskaparmálum, to speak vainly of a thing (viz. sacred things).

fíflskr, adj. foolish, Landn.; a nickname.

fífl-yrði, n. pl. foolish, foul language, Gísl. 53.

FÍFRILDI, mod. fiðrildi through a false etymology, as if it were from fiðri, [O.H.G. viveltre; A.S. fifalde; provinc. Germ. feifalter; Swed. fjäril; Norse fivreld or fibrelde; Lat. pāpilio]:

—a butterfly, Flor. 18.

fígúra, u, f. [Lat. word], a metaphor, Skálda 160, Alg. 356: a figure of speech, Skálda 183, 211, Stj. 524.

fíkinn, adj. [Dan. figen; Swed. fiken; wanting in Germ., Engl., and A.S.]:

—greedy, eager; freq. in poët. compds, böð-fíkinn, gunn-fíkinn, morð-fíkinn, sigr-fíkinn, etc., warlike, valiant, Lex. Poët.

FÍKJA, u, f. [Lat. ficus; Germ. feige], a fig, Stj. 331.

compds:

fíkju-kjarni, a, m. the kernels or seeds of a fig, Stj. 645.

fíkju-tré, n. = fík-tré, N.T.

fíkjask, t, dep. to desire eagerly; f. á fé, Sl. 34; f. eptir e-u, id.

fíkjum, dat. used as adv. eagerly, very, freq. in the Jd.; fikjum grimm, 12; fíkjum íllt, 26; fíkjum haukligt, 41; fíkjum hátt, exceeding high, Hom. (St.) 58.

fíkni, f. eagerness.

fíkr, adj. eager, greedy, Fms. vi. 404 (in a verse).

fík-tré, n. a fig-tree, Stj. 36, 325, 399, 403, Mar. 32.

fíkula, adv. greedily, Fms. vi. (in a verse).

fíldr,† part. fleeced, a sheep is said to be vel fíldr, ílla fíldr; cp. Lat. pilus, Engl. filt, as also þel.

FÍLL, m. [early Swed. and Dan. fil], an elephant; this interesting word, which is still in exclusive use in Icel., was borrowed from the Persian fil, and came to Scandinavia in early times, probably by the eastern road of trade through Russia and Constantinople; it occurs in a verse of the 10th century (Fb. i. 209), the genuineness of which may be doubtful, but at all events the word is old; freq. in Al., Stj., Flóv., and romances. But úlfaldi, Goth. ulbandus, A.S. olfend or olvend, a corruption of the Gr. ελέφαντ-, means camel.

compds:

fíls-bein or fíla-bein, n. ivory, Al., Edda (pref.), Str.

fíls-tönn, f. ivory, Mar.

FÍNN, adj. [Ital. fine and fino = perfect, from Lat. finis; Engl. fine; Germ. fein]:

—fine; it occurs in the Icel. poems Nikulas-drápa and Skíða-rima, and prob. came to Icel. along with the English trade at the beginning of the 15th century; sax fínt sem spegill, Fas. iii. 543 (MS. 15th century): in a good sense, girnist þú barn mitt blezan fá, björg lífs og gæfu fína, fine luck, happiness, Pass. 37. 4.

β. of clothes, ‘fínn’ is opp. to ‘coarse,’ but the use of the word is rare in Icel.

FÍRAR, m. pl. [A.S. firas], poët. men, people, Ls. 25, Hm. 25, Edda (Gl.); fjölð er þat er fíra tregr (a saying), Sdm. 30, passim.

físa, a strong verb, pret. feis, [Swed. fisa; Dan. fise; akin to Lat.], pedere, Hbl. 26; en hann feis við, Ísl. ii. 177.

físi-belgr, m. small bellows.

físi-sveppr, m. a kind of fungus, = gor-kúla.

fítón-, in compds; hence the mod. fítungr, m. frenzy; [from the Gr. Πύθων; mid. Lat. phitones = wizards, Du Cange; phitoness = Πυθώνισσα, a witch, Chaucer.]

compds:

fítóns-andi, a, m. magic, Fms. i. 76, x. 223, Fas. iii. 457: mod. frenzy.

fítóns-kona, u, f. a sorceress, Stj. 491.

fítóns-list, f. magical art, Edda (pref.)

fítóns-maðr, m. a sorcerer, Stj. 647, 651.

fjaðra-, vide fjöðr, a feather.

fjaðr-hamr, m. a ‘feather ham,’ winged haunch (in northern tales), like that of Icarus in the Greek legend, Þkv. 3, 5, 9, Þiðr. 92, 93, Al. 72.

fjaðr-klæði, n. pl. a feather-bed used as a coverlet, Js. 78.

fjaðr-lauss, adj. featherless, Edda 77.

fjaðr-sárr, adj. feather-wounded, of a bird changing feathers, K.Þ.K. 112, K.Á. 164.

fjaðr-spjót, n. a kind of spear, Grett. 121, Fs. 64.

fjaðr-stafr, m. the barrel of a quill, Stj. 79.

fjala-, vide fjöl, a deal, plank, board.

fjal-högg, n. a chopping block, Vápn. 24, Bs. i. 696.

FJALL, n., pl. fjöll, [a Scandin. word, Swed. fjäll, Dan. fjæld, but wanting in the Germ. and Saxon, not even used in the Ormul., but freq. in North. E. and Scot., where it is of Dan. origin]:

—a fell, mountain, Nj. 25, Hkr. i. 228, Grett. 149, in endless instances: in the phrase, það gengr fjöllunum hæra, it mounts higher than the fells, cries to heaven, of injustice: in allit. phrases, fjöll og firnindi, fells and deserts (vide finnerni); fjall eðr fjörðr, fells or firths, Hm. 117, N.G.L. i. 117: the pl. fjöll is used of a mountain with many peaks, Eyja-fjöll, Vaðla-fjöll, Hafnar-fjöll, Fbr.; but Akra-fjall, Fagraskógar-fjall, of a single mountain: the pl. is also used of a chain of mountains, thus, Alpa-fjöll, the Alps; Pyrenea-fjöll, the Pyrenees; but Dofra-fjall, the Dofra range in Norway: in biblical names it is usually prefixed, e.g. fjallið Sinaí, fjallið horeb, etc.; but also Gilboa-fjöll, Sam. Sálm. 2. 1, prob. for the sake of euphony: fjall is also used κατ΄ εξ., and as a pr. noun, of the Alps, in the phrase, fyrir norðan fjall, i.e. Germany north of the Alps; sunnan um fjall, i.e. Italy; the German emperor is called keisari fyrir norðan fjall, Fms. ix. 229, x. 101, Landn. 24, Fas. i. 223; Norway is also divided into sunnan fjall (i.e. Dofre) and norðan fjall; in mod. Norse, Norden-fjælds og Sönden-fjælds, Fms. x. 3.

compds:

fjalla-bak, n. the back of a fell, the sun sinks að fjalla baki, behind the fells.

fjalla-dalr, m. a valley, 673. 53.

fjalla-fé, n. sheep on the fells or hill-pastures.

fjalla-gol, n. a light breeze from the fells, Fær. 203, opp. to haf-gola, a breeze off the sea.

fjalla-grös, n. pl., botan. lichen Islandicus.

fjalla-klofi, a, m. a cleft or pass between fells, Stj. 87, Al. 26.

fjalla-læða, u, f. ‘fell-sneaker,’ a mist leaving the fells clear, but covering the low land.

fjalla-sýn, f. mountain-view, Bs. ii. 179, freq. in names of places, vide Landn.

fjalla-tindr, m. a peak.

fjalls-brún, f. the brow, edge of a fell, Stj. 402, D.I. i. 471.

fjalls-hlíð, f. a fell-side, Fms. i. 211, ix. 527.

fjalls-hyrna or fjalls-gnípa, u, f. the horn of a fell, a sharp peak.

fjalls-hæðir, f. pl. summits, Stj. 59, 607.

fjalls-múli, a, m. a ‘mull’ or crag projecting between two valleys, Landn. 313.

fjalls-rætr, f. pl. the roots of a f., i.e. the foot of a mountain; the fells are metaph. regarded as trees rooted in the earth, but cp. the mythical tale in Edda 19 and 221 (App.)

fjalls-öxl, f. the shoulder of a fell, Stj. 529, Fas. i. 53.

fjall, n. a fell, skin, Lat. pellis, vide berfjall, (rare.)

fjalla, að, to clothe with a fell, cover with fur; fjalla um þik með góðum klæðum, Clar.: metaph. to treat; hence comes the part.

fjallaðr, adj. tinted, coloured;

blá-fjallaðr, black, etc.;

gull-fjallaðr, gilt, Fas. ii. 173.

fjalla-fæla,† u, f. a bird, ‘mount-shunner,’ the sand-piper, Fjölnir viii.

fjall-berg, n. a crag, precipice, Fms. ii. 277.

fjall-borg, f. a hill-fort, Stj. 380.

fjall-bygð, f. a county among fells, 625. 87, Eg. 58, Hkr. ii. 65.

fjall-dalr, m. a dale in the fells, Eg. 137, Hkr. i. 47.

fjall-dýr, n. a beast of the fells, wild beast, Bs. ii. 137 (of a fox).

fjall-ferð, f. a ‘fell-trip,’ mountain excursion, Fs. 71.

fjall-ganga, u, f. going into the fell-pastures to gather sheep, Jb. 284, Vápn. 22.

fjallgöngu-maðr, m. men searching the fells for sheep.

fjall-garðr, m. a wall of fells, range of hills, Hkr. i. 8, A.A. 287 (of the Alps), Sks. 143.

fjall-gola, u, f. a breeze from the fells.

fjall-hagi, a, m. a fell-pasture, Eb. 54, Jb. 243.

fjall-hola, u, f. a ‘fell-hole,’ cavern, Sks. 714.

fjalligr, adj. hilly, mountainous, Sks. 42, (rare.)

fjall-kona, u, f. ‘fell-queen,’ a giantess, Bs. ii. 26, (rare.)

fjall-maðr, m. = fjallgöngumaðr, Sd. 156.

fjall-nár, m. a law term, a man put to death by being exposed on a fell, opp. to gálg-nár hanged, sæ-nár drowned, vide Grág. Vsl. ch. 90, cp. Rd. ch. 21, 22.

fjall-rapi, mod. fjall-drapi, a, m. a kind of dwarf birch, Bs. i. 7, Edda (Gl.), Hjalt., Björn.

fjall-rota, u, f. [Norse rutte], a kind of wild partridge, Edda (Gl.)

fjall-rænn, adj. blowing from the fells, Kristni S. (in a verse).

fjall-skarð, n. a gap in the fell, mountain-pass, Krók. 64.

fjall-skerða, ð, a pun, Krók. l.c., = gilja, to beguile, (fjallskarð = gil.)

fjall-skora, u, f. a ‘fell-scaur,’ Hkr. iii. 323, v.l.

fjall-skógr, m. a mountain forest, Stj. 256, 644.

fjall-slétta, u, f. a mountain plain, table land, Flor.

fjall-stöng, f. a fellsman’s staff, Eb. 106.

fjall-tindr, m. a mountain peak, = fjalla-tindr, Edda (pref.)

fjall-vegr, m. a mountain road, Stj. 352, v.l., Ísl. ii. 349, Fms. viii. 50.

fjall-viðr, m. timber from the fells, Gþl. 455.

fjall-vindr, m. a land wind, opp. to hafvindr, Eg. 370.

fjall-þoka, u, f. fog from the fells.

fjalms-fullr, adj. = felmsfullr, O.H.L. 27.

FJARA, u, f., gen. fjöru, [a Scandin. word, which remains in Orphir in the Orkneys, vide ey]:

—the ebb-tide, ebb, 415. 10, Edda 32–34, Fms. xi. 6, Fs. 157, Grág. ii. 352–366, passim.

2. [cp. fore- in the Engl. fore-shore], the fore-shore, beach, sea-board, Edda l.c., Grág. i. 91, Fas. ii. 148, Nj. 19, Eb. 292, Grett. 89, Orkn. 336, passim: the allit. saying, milli fjalls ok fjöru, between fell and fore-shore; var þá skógr milli fjalls ok fjöru, at that time it was forest between fell and fore-shore, i.e. all over the low land, Landn. 28, Íb. ch. 1; þar sem mætisk gras eðr f., where the grass and sea-beach join, Dipl. iii. 11.

compds:

fjöru-borð, n. the sea-board, the breadth of the fjara, metaph. from a cup, cp. the mythical tale in Edda l.c.

fjöru-grjót, n. the gravel on the beach, Fms. ii. 93, Fas. ii. 112.

fjöru-grös, n. pl., botan. a kind of sea-weed, opp. to fjallagrös.

fjöru-kóngr (fjöru-kúfungr), m. a kind of snail.

fjöru-maðkr, m. a kind of worm used for bait.

fjöru-maðr, m. the owner of the shore, Grág. ii. 367, Jb. 318.

fjöru-mark, n. the land-marks on the shore, Jb. 320, Dipl. ii. 5, Grág. ii. 361.

fjöru-mál, n. the rim of the shore between the flood line and the ebb, more usually flæðarmál, Sturl. ii. 35, v.l.

fjöru-nytjar, f. pl. used of drift-timber, dead whales, sea-weed, or the like, Engl. jetsum, Vm. 75, 80.

fjöru-steinn, m. shingle on the beach, Bs. i. 506:

—mark stones, shewing the tide is so far out as to leave a way along the beach, 656 C. 31.

fjöru-stúfr, m. a piece of strand or strand right belonging to a farm, Dipl. iii. 11.

fjara, að, (but fjarði, Korm. 118), to ebb; er fjarði, fjarar (pres.), Vm. 96, Korm. l.c.; fjara uppi, of a ship, to be aground, Hkr. i. 152; so, fjaraði um nótt út undan skipinu, the ship was left on dry land, Fms. xi. 241; fjarar nú undan skipinu, Ld. 56: metaph. to be upset, Str. 32 (badly): impers., skip (acc.) hans fjaraði uppi, his ship ran aground, Fms. iv. 65; sum skipin vóru þá uppi fjöruð, Hkr. i. 152.

fjarðar-, vide fjörðr, a firth.

fjarg-hús, n. pl. [farg, fergja, fjörgyn], huge, big houses, Akv. 39, 42.

fjarg-vefjask, dep. to groan and lament, Bjarn. 69 (in a verse), (MS. fiargvefiar, r = z = sk; the explanation given in Lex. Poët. cannot be right. Ls. 19 is corrupt, so that there is no evidence for the word fjörg = gods.)

fjarg-viðrask, að, dep. to groan as under a weight; f. dýrin sein og þung, Bb. 3. 35: the phrase, f. um e-t, to groan, make a fuss about nothing.

fjar-lægð, f. distance, Rb. 476, passim.

fjar-lægjask, ð, to leave far behind, A.R. ii. 151, Stat. 282.

fjar-lægr, adj. ‘far-lying,’ distant, Fms. i. 289, x. 227, Mar. 207.

fjarr, adj. being far off, an obsolete word; as to the dubious passage Alm. 5 vide farri.

fjarran, adv. [A.S. feorran; Old Engl. ferne; Germ. fern; Swed. fjärran; Dan. fjern], far off, Hkr. ii. 37, D.N. v. 24, = fjarri.

fjarri, compar. firr, mod. fjær, superl. first or firrst, mod. fjærst; [Gr. πύρρω; Goth. fairra, which is also used to transl. μακράν: A.S. feor; Engl. far; Hel. and O.H.G. fer]:

—far off; því at útlendir höfðingjar vóru þeim jafnan fjarri, Ó.H. 34; svá at fjarri flugu brotin, flew far off, Edda 19; vide Ísl. ii. 483, passim; skattlöndin þau er fjarri lágu, the provinces that were at a distance (fjar-lægr), Eg. 536: with dat., sólu fjarri, Vsp. 44; hvárt sem eru nær kirkju eða fjarri kirkju-garði, far from the churchyard, K.Þ.K. 28; standa f. e-m, to stand far from one; hamingjan stóð honum eigi fjarri, Al. 82; stóðtu mér þá fjarri, Nj. 19; útibúr þat er first var húsum, farthest from the houses, 168; hvar fjarri öðrum mönnum, quite far from other men, Grett. 127; þeim mönnum er first bygðu megin-héruðum, who lived farthest from the chief counties, Fms. iv. 144; í þat horn lands síns er first er lýrittar-vörn hans, Grág. ii. 224; þóttusk þeir bazt hafa er first vóru þeirra samgangi, the farther off the better, Glúm. 380; svá hátt at þó mátti heyra gerla þótt þeir væri firr, Nj. 118; þó at skip leggi firr búð (dat.) en svá, Grág. i. 91; eigi firr garði en í örskots-helgi, 82; far þú firr sundi, begone from the sound, Hbl. 54; farit firr húsi, Am. 37; the phrase, ganga e-m hendi firr, to go out of one’s hand, be lost, Rd. 283, Grett. (in a verse); þykki mér hann jafnan betri firr mér en nær, Fms. iv. 330; hvárt þat er nær honum eða firr, Rb. 38, (mod., nær eða fjær); með hramminum þeim er firr var berginu, Grett. 101; firr meir, farther aloof; bónda-múgrinn sat firr meir, Fms. i. 280; ok því firr meir, at …, and so much more aloof, in order that …, Sks. 365: in the proverb, allt er fjörvi firr, all is farther than life, i.e. life is the nearest, dearest thing, Ld. 266, (or, fé er fjörvi firr); at firr, much less, Eg. ch. 14; þótt hann sé firr farinn, though be be far away, Hm. 33.

II. metaph., taka e-u fjarri, to take a thing far, i.e. to take it coolly, deny it flatly; Ormr tók því ekki fjarri, Fms. i. 209; þeir tóku því ekki fjarri, 229; ek ætla þat nú eigi fjarri, well, I think it’s not far wrong, Nj. 248: with dat., ok er þat ekki fjarri hennar skapi, ’tis not far from her mind, 49; þat er fjarri skapi föður míns, Lv. 87; þú talar þat eigi fjarri réttu, thou sayest what is not far from right, Fms. ii. 14; eigi fjarri því at lengd, i.e. about so long a time, Bs. i. 61; ferr eigi fjarri getu minni, Fms. iv. 312, vi. 104; the phrase, fjarri fer því, it ‘fares’ far from that, i.e. far from it, by no means; ok er því fjarri orðit er ek vilda at væri, it is far from what I had wished for, Valla L. 221; nú sé ek eigi at mér mætti firr um fara en þér, now I see not how I can fare worse than thou, Grett. 150.

β. far from, bereft of; fjarri feðr-munum, bereft of my patrimony, Fm. 8; fjarri vinum, friendless, Sighvat; fjarri augum sem menjum, bereft of eyes and treasures, i.e. losing both life and money, Akv. 27.

fjarski, a, m. a far distance; vera, liggja, í fjarska, to be afar off, Fms. xi. 57, Sks. 183, Fas. iii. 459:

—metaph. in mod. usage immensity,

and in many compds:

fjarska-legr, adj. immense.

fjarska-liga, adv. immensely,

fjarska-mikill, fjarska-stór, adj. immensely big, etc.

fjar-stæðr, adj. ‘far-standing,’ far from; fjarstætt er um afl várt, there is a long way between our strength, i.e. no comparison, Fms. iii. 187.

fjar-sýnis, adv. far off, out of sight, Mar.

fjar-tæki, n. [taka fjarri], a flat refusal, Fas. iii. 527.

fjar-vist, f. living far off, Sks. 190.

FJÁ, ð, [Goth. fijan = μισειν; A.S. feon or fjan], to hate; an obsolete word, but occurs in Hým. 22, Ls. 35: reflex., fjásk e-n, to hate one, Skm. 33. Its participle however remains in all Teut. dialects, vide fjándi below.

fjáðr, part. [fé], monied, Bjarn. 18.

fjálbr or fjálfr, n. a dubious word, [akin to fela (?)], the deep, an abyss, Haustl. 18;

undir-fjálfr, the lower deep, the abyss, Þd. 19.

fjálg-leikr, m. [felegbed = security, Dan. ballads], trust, faith, Hom. 122.

fjálgr, adj. [feleg = safe in Dan. ballads; fjelg = comfortable, Ivar Aasen; prob. from fela]:

—safe, well kept, only in compds,

glóð-fjálgr, hid in embers, of a fire, Ýt. 21;

inn-fjálgr, stifled, of tears, Hkv. 2. 43.

fjánd-flokkr, m. a host of enemies, N.G.L. i. 34.

fjándi, a, m., mod. fjandi, pl. fjándr, mod. also féndr; dat. fjándum, mod. fjöndum; [Ulf. fiands = ὁ ἐχθός; A.S. feond; Engl. fiend; Germ. feind; Swed. fiende; Dan. fjende; the nd indicates the part.; whereas, Engl. foe seems to be formed from the infin.]:

—prop. a hater.

1. an enemy, Hkv. 2. 30, 35, Rb. 380; freq. in old poetry, vide Lex. Poët.: in the allit. phrase, sem frændr, en eigi fjándr, as friends, not foes, Ísl. ii. 380: the heathen maxim, gefat þínum fjándum frið, give no truce to thy foes, Hm. 128.

2. [Dan. fanden; Swed. fan], after the introduction of Christianity fjándi came to mean a fiend, the fiend, Bs. i. 452, Niðrst. 4; fjándr en eigi menn, fiends and no men, Fas. ii. 535: Satan, K.Á. 74, Fms. i. 202, Stj. 40; ber þú sjálfr fjánda þinn, carry thy fiend thyself (of a bewitched banner), Nj. 274; fjánda-kraptr, fiendish power, Fms. vii. 295; fjánda-limr, a devil’s limb, viii. 221; fjánda-sonr, a fiend’s son, 656 C. 14; fjánda-villa, a fiendish heresy, Post. 645. 99: in mod. usage fjándi means a fiend. fjánda-fæla, u, f., botan. fuga daemonum, angelica, Germ. engel-kraut.

fjánd-ligr, adj. (fjánd-liga, adv.), fiendish, fiendishly, Fms. v. 162, Bær. 10, Þorst. hv. 44, Fas. ii. 150.

fjánd-maðr, m. a foe-man, Lv. 106, Fms. v. 273, Orkn. 224.

fjánd-mæli, n. the words of a foe, invectives, Lv. 39.

fjánds-boð or fjánd-boð, n. a law term, a foe’s bidding, a sham bidding at an auction; ok sé eigi fjándsboð, eigi skal hann at fjándsboði annars hafa, N.G.L. i. 117, cp. Gþl. 292.

fjánd-semi, f. enmity, Sturl. iii. 13.

fjánd-skapaðr, part. hostile, Fms. xi. 261.

fjánd-skapask, að, dep. to shew hostility towards, Sks. 337, Orkn. 226.

fjánd-skapr, m. hostility, Fms. i. 37, iv. 270, ix. 268, Nj. 49, Hom. 86, 196, Bret. 22.

fjándskapar-fullr, adj. hostile, Sturl. iii. 223.

fjár-, vide fé, money.

fjári,† a, m. a swearing, hverr fjárinn! fjárans karlinn! qs. fé-árr (?), a goblin, over hidden treasures.

fjárungr, m. gryllus, a locust, Fél. x. 226.

fjóla, u, f. a violet, Hjalt. (mod.)

fjón, f. [fjá], hatred; an obsolete word, occurs in old prose in the phrase, reka e-n fjónum, to persecute, Ver. 29, Rb. 388; or else in poetry, leggja fjón á e-n, to hate one, Hallfred: in pl., konungs f., the king’s wrath, Ad. 11; vekja f., to stir up quarrels, Sl. 76, vide Lex. Poët.; guð-fjón, an abomination, that which drives the gods away, Fbr. (in a verse): mod. poets use a verb fjóna, að, to hate (Bjarn. 67, 122), probably misled by the corrupt passage in Sl. 27.

FJÓR-, in many compds = fer-, q.v.:

fjór-fættr, adj. four-footed;

fjór-menningr, m. a fourth cousin, Js. 71, 96, Fms. i. 285, Gþl. 145;

fjor-mynntr, part. ‘four-cloven,’ Sks. 394;

fjór-nættingr, m., fjór-skeyttr, adj., vide fer-;

fjór-skiptr, part. quartered, Stj. 148.

fjórði, adj. [Germ. vierte; Dan. fjærde], the fourth, Fms. i. 67 (passim).

fjórðungr, m., generally the fourth part, quarter, D.I. i. 470, Grág. i. 144; f. héraðsmanna, N.G.L. i. 352; f. rastar, the fourth part of a mile, Fms. viii. 63; fjórðungr vísu, the fourth part of a verse-system or stanza, = two lines, Edda (Ht.); hence fjórðunga-lok, n. the last quarter of a verse, Fms. vi. 387: a coin (cp. Engl. farthing), N.G.L. iii. ch. 13.

2. a liquid-measure = ten pots or twenty ‘merkr;’ fjórðungs-fata, a vat holding a quarter.

3. a weight = ten pounds or twenty ‘merkr,’ Jb. 375, Grág. Kb. 232, Dipl. iii. 4, Grág. ii. 362: the law allows a person to bequeath the fourth part of his property, this is called fjórðungs-gjöf, f., Gþl. 270, cp. Jb., Dipl. v. 1.

4. the Icel. tithe (tíund) was divided into four shares, each of them called ‘fjórðungr,’—to the poor, bishop, church, and priest, Grág., Tl., passim.

II. in Norway counties were divided into fjórðungar quarters (þriðjungar ridings, sextungar sextants, áttungar octants, etc.), vide D.N.; hence fjórðungs-kirkja, a quarter church, parish church, N.G.L.; fjórðungs-maðr, a man from the same quarter or parish; fjórðungs-prestr, the priest of a fjórðungs-kirkja; fjórðungs-þing, the meeting of a f.; fjórðungs-korn, corn due to the priest, D.N., N.G.L., the statutes passim; fjórðungs-ból, a farm yielding a certain rent, and many others. Again, in Icel. the whole land was politically divided into quarters or fjórðungar (this division seems to have taken place a.d. 964, and exists up to the present time), thus, Austfirðinga-, Vestfirðinga-, Norðlendinga-, Sunnlendinga-fjórðungr, or east-, west-, north-, and south quarters; each of the quarters had three or four shires or þing, and each had a parliament called Fjórðungs-þing or Fjórðunga-þing, and a court called Fjórðungs-dómar, Quarter-courts, Eb. ch. 10, Landn. 2. 12; (it is uncertain whether the writer Eb. l.c. intended to make a distinction between Fjórðunga-þing and Fjórðungs-þing, denoting by the latter a ‘general quarter parliament,’ cp. also Landn. 150.)

compds:

fjórðunga-mót, n. pl. the borders of the f., Grág. ii. 323, Landn. 251 (v.l.), 237.

fjórðunga-skipti, n. a division into quarters.

fjórðungs-höfðingi, a, m. a Tetrarch, N.T.

fjórðungs-menn, m. pl. the inhabitants of a fjórðungr, Grág. Þ.Þ., Landn. 98, Nj. 100.

fjórðungs-sekt, f. outlawry, exile from one of the quarters, Bs. ii. 75.

fjórðungs-úmagi, a, m. a pauper charged to a f., Grág. i. 445.

fjórir, num. adj., fem. fjórar, neut. fjögur (fjugur); gen. fjogurra or fjögurra (fjugurra, N.G.L. i. 77, Sks. 173 B), mod. fjögra; dat. fjórum; acc. masc. fjóra, fem. fjórar, neut. fjögur: [Goth. fidvar; A.S. feover; Engl. four; Hel. fivar; O.H.G. fior; Germ. vier; Swed. fyra; Dan. fire; cp. also Lat. quatuor, Gr. τέσσαρες, Aeol. πίσυρες]:

—four (passim).

fjögra-manna-far, n. a four-oared boat.

fjór-tán, card. numb., [older form fjögr-tán or fjugr-tán, B.K. 9, 60, 62, 125, Sks. 179 B]:

—fourteen (passim).

fjórtán-sessa, u, f. a ship with fourteen oars, Fms. ix. 408, v.l.

fjór-tándi, ord. numb., [older form fjögr-tándi or fjugr-tándi, N.G.L. i. 49, 348, 350; fjogr-tándi, Fms. x. 398]:

—fourteenth.

fjór-tugti, the fortieth, Dipl. ii. 15.

FJÓS, n., contr. form = fé-hús = ‘cow-house,’ [Norse fjös; the contracted form is usual even in the earliest writers]:

—a cow-house, byre, stall, Ld. 98, Gísl. 28 sqq., Dropl. 28, Njarð. 368, Sturl. ii. 43, iii. 54, Fms. ix. 508; vera í fjósi, or fara í fjós, to attend to the cows.

compds:

fjós-dyr, fjós-haugr, fjós-hlaða, fjós-hurð, fjós-reka, fjós-veggr, etc., the door, mound, barn, hurdle, spade, wall, etc. of a fjós.

fjós-gata, u, f. the byre-path, Landn. 51.

Fjósa-karlar, m. pl. the ‘byre-carles,’ the three stars in the sword of Orion.

fjósa-kona, u, f. a byre-maid, Landn. (Hb.) 51:

fjósa-konur, the ‘byre-maids,’ the three stars in the belt of Orion, because the dairy-work is in the winter months (Dec., Jan.) fixed by the rising of these stars.

fjósa-verk, n. ‘byre work,’ attendance on the cows, Nj. 185, v.l.

FJÓS, mod. þjós, f. the carcase of a whale, Grág. ii. 360, 372, Jb. 310 B (passim).

fjúk, n. [cp. Engl. fog], a snow-storm: allit., frost ok fjúk, Fbr. 23; fjúk ok drifa, Bs. i. 158; fjúk var úti, 672; í fjúki, Landn. 235; stormr með fjúki, Fas. ii. 74: in swearing, fái þat fjúk, a ‘fjúk’ upon it.

FJÚKA, pret. fauk, 2nd pers. faukt, mod. faukst, pl. fuku; pres. fýk, pl. fjúkum; pret. subj. fyki; part. fokinn; sup. fokit: [Swed. fyka; Dan. fyga]:

—to be driven on, tossed by the wind, of snow, dust, spray, or the like: allit., fjúka sem fys, as chaff; mold er fýkr, 623. 25; axhelmur þær sem fjúka … ef nokkut fýkr frá oss, Stj. 422: of snow, tók þá at f., it began to snow, Grett. 111; var fjúkanda veðr, there was a snow-storm, 144: hafði fokit yfir öndverðan vetr, they had been buried (had perished) in the snow, Glúm. 341; hence the metaph. phrase, nú er fokið í flest skjól, now all places of shelter are filled with snow, no refuge left, Gísl. 63, Nj. 258; útvegar Háreks eru foknir, all H.’s outgoings are stopped, Fms. xi. 423; sýndisk þeim sem eldr fyki um alla gluggana, of embers, Bs. i. 7; fauk svá sandrinn, at …, of the ashes from a volcano, 804, (sand-fok, a drift of sand or ashes.)

2. metaph. to fly off; fauk af höfuðit, Nj. 97, Ld. 291; fuku tennrnar ór Búa. Fms. xi. 139; láta fjúka í kveðlingum, to reply with sarcastic, extemporised ditties, Grett. 94.

fjúk-renningr, m. a snow-drift, Sturl. i. 155 C.

fjúk-saga,† u, f. a floating rumour, Bret.

fjúk-viðri, n. a snow-storm, Sturl. ii. 31.

fjær, and compds, vide fjarri, farther off.

FJÖÐR, gen. fjaðrar; old pl. fjaðrar, later fjaðrir; dat. fjöðrum: [A.S. feðer; Engl. feather; Germ. feder; Gr. πτερόν]:

—a feather, it may be used of either the plume or the quill, but usually a distinction is made between fiðri or fiðr, plumage, and fjaðrar, quills; væng-fjöðr, a wing-feather; stél-fjöðr, a tail-feather; dynja hana fjaðrar, Bm. 1; hár ok fjaðrar, Edda (pref.); plokkaði af fjaðrarnar, 77: phrases and sayings, það er ekki fjöðr af fati þínu, ’tis no feather of thy gear, thou needst not be proud of it, cp. Aesop’s fable; verðr hverr að fljúga sem hann er fjaðraðr, every one must fly as he is feathered; draga fjöðr um e-t, to slur over a thing (vide draga), Fms. vii. 20: cp. the proverb in Rafns S. Bs. i. 647,—lítið er nef várt, en breiðar fjaðrar, our neb is small, but the feathers large, perhaps somewhat corrupt in the text, being taken from some fable about birds; the sense seems to be something like the Fr. ‘l’homme propose, Dieu dispose.’

2. metaph. of feather-formed things,

α. the blade of a spear, Eg. 285, Stj. 461, Ld. 244, Grett. 121, Sturl. ii. 60, Fas. ii. 209, Fb. 111. 409.

β. the fin of a fish, Fas. ii. 131; fiskr niðr frá beltis-stað ok fjöðr á, Fms. iv. 56 (rare).

compds:

fjaðra-broddr, m. a feathered, i.e. double-edged, spike, Bárð. 170.

fjaðra-lauss, adj. featherless, Fas. ii. 378; in the riddle, fuglinn flaug fjaðra-lauss, elti fuglinn fóta-lauss.

fjaðra-sárr, adj. = fjaðr-sárr.

fjaðra-spjót, n. a kind of sword-spear to thrust with, = fjaðr-spjót.

fjögur-tán,† fjogurtándi, older form, = fjórtán.

FJÖL, f., gen. fjalar, old pl. fjalar, later fjalir, a deal, thin board, Fms. vi. 15, 281, x. 404: metaph. of snow shoes, Sks. 81 B: so in the proverb, það er ekki við eina fjöl fellt, ’tis not joined with a single deal, ’tis no plain matter, Mag. 86; or, hann er ekki við eina fjöl felldr, i.e. fit for many things;

fóta-fjöl, a foot-board;

höfða-fjöl, the head-board of a bed;

rúm-fjöl, the side-board of a bed;

gafl-fjöl, the barge-board in a gable, etc.

compds:

fjala-brú, f. a bridge of planks, Fms. xi. 280.

fjala-hlass, n. a load of deals, N.G.L. i. 142.

fjala-köttr, m. a mouse-trap, Fms. iii. 74.

fjala-stóll, m. a deal stool, Pm. 90, etc.

FJÖL-, [akin to Gr. πολύς; Ulf. filu = πολύς; A.S. fela; O.H.G. filu; Germ. viel; lost in Engl. and mod. Dan.; in Icel. freq., esp. as a prefix in poetry, but never used as an independent adj.]:

—much, manifold.

I. in a bad sense:

fjöl-beiðni, f. begging, intruding, Al. 91.

fjöl-breytinn, adj. false, whimsical, Edda 18.

fjöl-kunnigr (fjöl-kundr, Barl. passim), adj. [kunna], skilled in the black art, Grett. 150, 153, Eg. 119, 179, Nj. 17, 272, Fms. i. 18, ii. 134, Hm. 114, passim.

fjöl-kyngi (fjöl-kyndi, Barl. passim), f. the black art, witchcraft, Fms. i. 10, Korm. 222, Landn. 84, Grett. 151, Rb. 408, Stj. 647; galdrar ok fjölkyngi, K.Þ.K. 76, Grett. 155, etc., passim;

fjölkyngis-bækr, f. pl. magical books, Post. 645. 61;

fjölkyngis-fólk, n. wizard-folk, Hkr. i. 267;

fjölkyngis-íþrótt, f. magic art, 623. 31, Fms. x. 307;

fjölkyngis-kona, u, f. a sorceress, Fas. ii. 273;

fjölkyngis-liga, adv. (fjölkyngis-ligr, adj.), with sorcery, Gísl. 31;

fjölkyngis-list, f. magic art, Stj. 73;

fjölkyngis-veðr, n. a gale produced by sorcery, Fms. iv. 44.

fjöl-lyndi, f. looseness, Lv. 78.

fjöl-lyndr, adj. fickle, loose, Sturl. i. 225.

fjöl-máligr, adj. tattling, Karl. 439, 686 B. 2.

fjöl-mæli, n. tittle-tattle, slander, Fms. ix. 250, Hkr. ii. 35, Gþl. 195, N.G.L. i. 57, H.E. i. 479.

fjölmælis-maðr, m. a tatler, slanderer, Gþl. 197.

fjöl-orðr, adj. = fjölmáligr, Fs. 36, Fms. ix. 277, v.l.

fjöl-ráðr, adj. fickle, loose, Fb. ii. 701.

fjöl-ræði, n. fickleness, looseness, 655 ix. C. 2.

fjöl-ræðinn, adj. too intimate, Fms. vi. 109.

fjöl-skrúðigr, adj. dressy, showy, Eb. 256.

II. in the simple sense of many:

fjöl-auðigr, adj. very rich, wealthy, Landn. 79.

fjöl-bygðr, part. thickly peopled, Landn. 168, 270, 321 (App.)

fjöl-menna, t, to crowd, meet in crowds, Nj. 75: become peopled, Rb. 392, Edda (pref.)

fjöl-menni, n. many people, a crowd, Nj. 2, Eg. 38, 271, Fms. i. 54, ii. 152, passim: the common people, bændr ok f., Anecd. 6, Sks. 5.

fjöl-mennr, older form fjöl-meðr, adj. with many people, Fms. i. 37; rikr ok f., Bs. i. 651; riðu menn fjölmennir til þings, Ísl. ii. 254; far sem fjölmennastr, Fms. vii. 221: peopled, fjölmennt þing, veizla, etc., Nj. 167; gildi f., Eg. 22, 46, Ísl. ii. 259, Fms. vii. 265: neut., vera, hafa fjölmennt, Eg. 5, Sturl. ii. 245; fjölmennt ok góðmennt, many people and good, Eg. 201.

fjöl-skylda and fjöl-skyld, f., Rd. 293; fjöl-skyldi, n., N.G.L. ii. 9, Fms. xi. 68, Hom. i, Grág. i. 225: much business, many duties, with a notion of toil and trouble, Fms. i. 53, iv. 179, vi. 60, xi. 68, 429, Hom. 135, Bs. i. 90, 686 (of debt); mæðing ok f., Sks. 569; álög né f. (duties), Fms. xi. 224; annask um f., to be very busy, Rd. l.c.; eiga f. um at vera, id., N.G.L. l.c.: in Hom. 1. Lat. occupatio is rendered by fjölskyldi; hvárki fé né fjölskyldi, neither in money nor in work, Grág. i. 225:

—in mod. usage, encumbrance with many people (children), a large family, household, but this scarcely occurs in old writers. fjöl-skyldr (fjöl-skyldugr, Mar. 232), adj. busy; f. embætti, Sks. 38, 257 B.

III. poët. as a prefix to adj. as an ornamental epithet, e.g. fjöl-blíðr, fjöl-dyggr, fjöl-dýrr, fjöl-errinn, fjöl-gegn, fjöl-góðr, fjöl-kostigr, fjöl-kænn, fjöl-mætf, fjöl-nenninn, fjöl-snerrinn, fjöl-sviðr, fjöl-varr, fjöl-vitr, denoting exceeding good, wise, valiant, etc. fjöl-höfðaðr, adj. many-headed, Vþm. fjöl-margr, adj. very many, Gs. 20; vide Lex. Poët.

fjölð, f. = fjöldi, a multitude, Fms. ii. 199, Róm. 383: esp. in poetry, with gen. a plenty of, Höfuðl. 16, Am. 8. 92, Gs. 5, Þkv. 23, Skv. 3. 2, Gh. 18: used as adv. [Germ. viel], much, Vþm. 3, passim, Hm. 17, 73, Sdm. 30.

fjöldi and fjölði, a, m. multitude, Fms. i. 37, Eg. 74, 79, Nj. 8; fjöldi manna = fjölmenni, N.G.L. i. 30.

fjölga, að, to make to increase, Sturl. iii. 242: impers., Fas. i. 73.

2. to become numerous, Edda (pref.)

β. reflex., Fas. iii. 10, Stj. 21.

fjölgan, f. increase in number, Fms. v. 276.

fjöllóttr, adj. mountainous, Fb. i. 431, Stj. 94.

fjöl-móði, a, m. the sea-snipe, tringa maritima, so called from its wailing note, Edda (Gl.); hence

fjölmóða-víl, n. pitiful wailing, vide Ísl. Þjóðs. pref. p. xi.

FJÖR, n., dat. fjörvi, mod. fjöri, [Ulf. renders κόσμος by fairvus; A.S. feorh, pl. feoru = life; Hel. firah; obsolete in Engl., Germ., Swed., and Dan.]:

—life, Vsp. 33; með fjörvi, 623. 49: esp. freq. in allit. phrases, eiga fótum fjör at launa; fjör ok fé, Fms. iv. 77, Grág. ii. 21, Sl. 1; frekr er hver til fjörsins, Þorst. St. 54, Nj. 124; allt er fjörvi firr, Ld. 266.

2. in poetry it seems to be used of the vital parts, the body; fleinn hitti fjör, Höfuðl. 9, Hm. 7, Vellekla Hkr. i. 175, Gh. 18, Skm. 20; cp. Germ. leib, leben, and the Goth. and A.S. sense of this word.

3. in mod. usage freq. in the sense of vitality, vigour, energy, spirits; thus, fjör-fiskr, m., vide fiskr: fjör-kálfr, m. one bounding with life as a young calf,—hann er mesti fjörkálfr; vera með fullu fjöri, to be in the full vigour of life; fjör-lauss, adj. life-less, listless: fjör-maðr, m. a vigorous man: fjör-mikill, adj. full of life.

II. in poetry fjör is used in a great many compds, chiefly those denoting loss of life, death, e.g. fjör-bann, fjör-grand, fjör-lag, fjör-lát, fjör-lot, fjör-nám, fjör-rán, fjör-spell, fjör-tál: the heart is fjör-segi, a, m. the ‘life-clod,’ Fm. 32.

fjör-baugr, m. ‘life-money,’ a law term, a fee amounting to a mark, to be paid by a convict of the lesser degree to the executive court (féránsdómr); and if this was not paid, the convict was henceforth a full outlaw:—hence the convict is called fjörbaugs-maðr and the lesser outlawry or conviction fjörbaugs-garðr, m., because within a fixed space (garðr), the convict was safe, having paid the life-money, vide esp. Grág. Þ.Þ. ch. 32 sqq., ch. 40, Nj. 240, and the Sagas and laws passim. In two passages, viz. Flóam. S. ch. 10 and Glúma ch. 24, fjörbaugsgarðr is used in the same sense as þing-helgi, q.v., viz. of the sacred boundary of a meeting, regarded by the heathens as a sanctuary, cp. Eb. ch. 4 fine; in the Edit. of Flóam. S. the passage ‘til Lóns’ is false, the probable reading being ‘til Lopz,’ i.e. Lopts; in the old MS. Vatnshyrna the shank of the p was prob. obliterated so as to make it look like n, and so one transcriber read ‘Lóns,’ another ‘Jóns;’ the reading ‘Lopts’ is born out by the historical context, cp. also Landn. 5, ch. 8; the word fjörbaugr is diffusely commented on in H.E. i. 137 sqq.

compds:

fjörbaugs-sekt, f. penalty of f., = fjörbaugs-garðr, Grág. Þ.Þ. ch. 40.

fjörbaugs-sök, f. a case liable to fjörbaugr, Eg. 723, Nj. 164, Grág. i. 90.

fjör-brosa, n, f. a lovely smile; sumir menn mæla at móðir þín sé engi f., some people say that thy mother is no f., Mirm. 69.

fjör-brot, n. pl. the death-struggle, esp. of wild beasts, Fær. 49, Fm. 21, Bs. i. 345: Norse, a taking of life, manslaughter, N.G.L. i. 156.

FJÖRÐ or fjorð, adv. [early Germ. fert, used by Luther, but obsolete in mod. Germ.; Swed. and Dan. fjord; cp. Sansk. parut]:

—the past year; in Icel. this word is obsolete, and scarcely ever occurs in old prose writers; but the mod. ‘í fyrra’ is derived or corrupted from an older phrase ‘í fjörð,’ which is still used all over the Scandin. continent; in D.N. ‘í fjörð’ repeatedly occurs, cp. Fr.; the ‘fjörð’ in the following passages—Hkr. i. 186, Fms. ii. 328, vi. 88, Fs. 95 (Hallfred), all of them poems of the 10th and 11th centuries—is doubtless to be taken in this sense; and the explanation given in Lex. Poët., s.v. fjörð and following, cannot be right.

fjörð-gamall, adj. a year old, D.N.

fjörðingi, a, m. one who has dwelt for a year in a place, N.G.L. i. 201.

FJÖRÐR, m., gen. fjarðar; dat. firði; pl. firðir, gen. fjarða: acc. fjörðu, mod. firði: [Swed.-Dan. fjord; North. E. and Scot. firth, frith; Engl. ford is a kindred word, but not identical]:

—a firth, bay, a Scandin. word; but a small crescent-formed inlet or creek is called vík, and is less than fjörðr, hence the saying, fjörðr milli frænda, en vík milli vina, let there be a firth between kinsmen, but a creek between friends, denoting that kinship is not always so trustworthy as friendship: the allit. phrase, fjall ok fjörðr, vide fjall; freq. in Icel. and Scandin. local names combined with some other word expressing the shape, etc., Breiði-fjörðr, Mjófi-fjörðr, Djúpi-fjörðr, Grunni-fjörðr, Eyja-fjörðr, Lima-fjörðr or Eylíma-fjörðr, Arnar-fjörðr, Alpta-fjörðr, Vatns-fjörðr, etc. In Icel. and old Scandin. countries the shore districts are freq. divided into counties, bearing the name of the firth, just as the inland is divided into dales; thus Eyja-firðir and Skaga-firðir denote both the firth and the county bordering on the firth. The western and eastern parts of Icel. are called Vest-firðir and Aust-firðir; in Norway a county is called Firðir; cp. Rb. 324 sqq., where over a hundred names of Icel. fjords are recorded, Landn. (Index), and the Sagas:

fjarða-gol, n. a breeze blowing off a fjord, Fær. 203, Fms. iv. 302;

fjarðar-botn, m. the bottom or head of a fjord, Eb. 188;

fjarðar-horn, n. the creek at the head of a fjord, Gísl. 55, also freq. as a local name;

fjarðar-íss, m. fjord-ice, Eb. 242, Bs. i. 327;

fjarðar-kjöptr or fjarðar-minni, n. the mouth (opening) of a fjord, Sturl. i. 121, Hkr. iii. 118;

fjarðar-menn, m. pl. the inhabitants of a fjord county, Sturl. ii. 199.

fjör-gamall, adj. stone-old, (mod.); cp. fjörðgamall.

fjör-gjafi, a, m. one who saves another’s life, = lífgjafi, Al. 98, Mork. 109.

fjör-grið, n. pl. truce for one’s life, Grág. ii. 21.