A LIST OF IRREGULAR FORMS

I. Verbal Forms

ann, annt, from unna.
arði, from erja.
atti, from etja.
á, átt, from eiga.
áði, áit, from æja.
át, ázt, átu, from eta.

bað, báðu, from biðja.
bar, báru, from bera.
barði, from berja.
barg, from bjarga.
batt, batzt, from binda.
bauð, bautt, from bjóða.
beðið, from biðja & bíða.
beið, biðu, from bíða.
beit, bitu, from bíta.
bergr, from bjarga.
bittu, from binda.
bjó, bjoggu, bjuggu, from búa.
blend, from blanda.
blés, from blása.
blét, blétt, from blóta and blanda.
blæs, from blása.
boðinn, buðu, from bjóða.
borginn, from bjarga.
borinn, from bera.
brann, from brenna.
brast, brustu, from bresta.
braut, brotinn, from brjóta.
brá, brygði, from bregða.
brostinn, brysti, from bresta.
brugðinn, from bregða.
brunninn, from brenna.
brýt, bryti, from brjóta.
bundinn, from binda.
byndi, from binda.
byrgi, from bjarga.
bý, from búa.
býð, byði, from bjóða.
bæði, from biðja.
bæri, from bera.

datt, dottinn, from detta.
dáinn, from deyja.
dó, dœi, from deyja.
drakk, from drekka.
drap, drápu, from drepa.
draup, dropið, from drjúpa.
dreg, from draga.
dreginn, from draga.
dreif, drifinn, from drífa.
dró, drógu, from draga.
drukkinn, from drekka.
drundi, from drynja.
drykki, from drekka.
drýp, from drjúpa.
drœgi, from draga.
dulði, dult, from dylja.
dunði, from dynja.
duttu, from detta.
dúði, from dýja.
dvalði, dvalið, from dvelja.
dygði, from duga.
dytti, from detta.
dœi, from deyja.

ek, from aka.
el, from ala.
em, er, eru, from vera.
eyk, from auka.
eys, from ausa.

fal, fálu, from fela.
fann, from finna.
fat, fátu, from feta.
fauk, from fjúka.
fékk, fenginn, from fá.
feld, from falda.
féll, from falla.
fell, from falla.
ferr, from fara.
fiðr = finnr, from finna.
flatti, from fletja.
flaug, fló, from fljúga.
flaut, flutu, from fljóta.
floginn, from fljúga.
flotinn, from fljóta.
fló, flúinn, from flýja.
fló, flógu, fleginn, from flá.
flutti, from flytja.
flýg, flygi, from fljúga.
flýt, flyti, from fljóta.
flæ, from flá.
flœgi, from flá.
fokinn, from fjúka.
folginn, from fela.
fór, fóru, from fara.
framði, from fremja.
fraus, frusu, frosinn, frörinn, from frjósa.
frá, frágu, from fregna.
frýs, frysi, from frjósa.
frömd, from fremja.
fundinn, from finna.
fyndi, from finna.
fýk, fyki, from fjúka.
fæ, from fá.
fœli, from fela.

gaf, gáfu, from gefa.
gakk, from ganga.
gall, from gjalla.
galt, from gjalda.
gat, gátu, from geta.
gaus, gusu, from gjósa.
gaut, gotinn, from gjóta.
gein, ginu, from gína.
gékk, gengu, gengit, from ganga.
geld, from gjalda.
gellr, from gjalla.
geng, from ganga.
gladdi, glatt, from gleðja.
glapði, from glepja.
glumði, from glymja.
glödd, from gleðja.
gnast, gnustu, from gnesta.
gný, from gnúa.
gnýr, from gnúa.
gnöri, gneri, from gnúa.
goldinn, guldu, from gjalda.
gollið, gullu, from gjalla.
gosið, gusu, from gjósa.
gotinn, gutu, from gjóta.
gó, from geyja.
gól, from gala.
gramði, from gremja.
gref, from grafa.
grét, graæ, from gráta.
gróf, from grafa.
grœ, from gróa.
grœfi, from grafa.
græt, from gráta.
gröri, greri, grœ, from gróa.
gyldi, from gjalda.
gylli, from gjalla.
gýss, gysi, from gjósa.
gæði, from gá.
gæfi, from gefa.
gœli, from gala.
gæti, from geta.
göra, gjöra = gera.

halp, from hjálpa.
hamði, from hemja.
háði, háið, from heyja.
hefi, hefði, from hafa.
hékk, hengu, from hanga.
held, from halda.
helpr, from hjálpa.
hélt (held), from halda.
hét, from heita.
hjó, hjoggu, höggvinn, from höggva.
hlaut, hlutu, from hljóta.
hleð, from hlaða.
hlegið, from hlæja.
hleyp, from hlaupa.
hljóp, hlypi, hlœpi, hlupu, from hlaupa.
hlotinn, from hljóta.
hló, hlógu, from hlæja.
hlóð, from hlaða.
hlýt, from hljóta.
hnauð, hnoðinn, from hnjóða.
hnaus, from hnjósa.
hneig, hné, hniginn, from hníga.
hneit, hnitu, from hníta.
hnugginn, from hnöggva.
hnýs, from hnjósa.
holpinn, from hjálpa.
horfinn, from hverfa.
hóf, from hefja.
hrakði, from hrekja.
hratt, hritt, from hrinda.
hrauð, from hrjóða.
hraut, hrutu, hrotið, from hrjóta.
hreif, hrifinn, from hrífa.
hrein, from hrína.
hroðinn, from hrjóða.
hrokkið, hrukku, from hrökkva.
hrundi, from hrynja.
hrundinn, from hrinda.
hryndi, from hrinda.
hrýð, from hrjóða.
hrýs, from hrjósa.
hugði, from hyggja.
hulði, hult, from hylja.
hulpu, hylpi, from hjálpa.
hurfu, hyrfi, from hverfa.
hvatti, from hvetja.
hvein, from hvína.
hvött, from hvetja.
hœfi, from hefja.
höfð, from hafa.

jók, jyki, from auka.
jós, jysi, from ausa.

kafði, from kefja.
kann, from kunna.
kaus, from kjósa.
kell, from kala.
kemr, kømr, from koma.
keypti, from kaupa.
kjöri, keyri, from kjósa.
klakði, from klekja.
klauf, klufu, klofinn, from kljúfa.
kleif, klifu, from klífa.
kló, kleginn, from klá.
klýf, klyfi, from kljúfa.
kná, knátti, from knega.
knúði, knúinn, from knýja.
kosinn, from kjósa.
kóðu, from kveða.
kól, from kala.
kómu, from koma.
krafði, from krefja.
kramði, from kremja.
kraup, krupu, kropinn, from krjúpa.
krufði, from kryfja.
krýp, krypi, from krjúpa.
kvað, kváðu, from kveða.
kvaddi, kvatt, from kveðja.
kvalði, from kvelja.
kvámu, kvæmi, kœmi, from koma.
kvödd, from kveðja.
kvölð, from kvelja.
kynni, from kunna.
kýs, kysi, from kjósa.
kœli, from kala.

lagði, lagt, from leggja.
lak, láku, from leka.
lamði, from lemja.
lapði, from lepja.
las, lásu, from lesa.
latti, from letja.
laug, from ljúga.
lauk, from lúka.
laust, from ljósta.
laut, from lúta.
lá, látt, lágu, leginn, from liggja.
lé, léði, from ljá.
lék, from leika.
leið, liðinn, from líða.
leit, litu, litinn, from líta.
loginn, from ljúga.
lokinn, luku, from lúka.
lostinn, lustu, from ljósta.
lotinn, lutu, from lúta.
ló, lótt, from ljúga.
lukði, from lykja.
lúinn, from lýja.
lýg, lygi, from ljúga.
lýk, lyki, from lúka.
lýt, lytir from lúta.
lægi, from liggja.
læki, from leka.
læt, from láta.
lögð, from leggja.

man, from muna, munu.
marði, from merja.
mat, mátu, from meta.
má, mátti, mætti, from mega.
meig, from míga.
mól, from mala.
mulði, from mylja.
myndi, or möndi, from munu.
mœli, from mala.
mætti, from mega.

nam, námu, from nema.
naut, nutu, notinn, nýt, from njóta.
numinn, from nema.
næmi, from nema.

ofinn, from vefa.
olli, from valda.
ollinn, from vella.
oltinn, from velta.
orðinn, from verða.
orpinn, from verpa.
orti, ort, from yrkja.
óð, óðu, from vaða.
óf, ófu, from vefa.
ók, from aka.
ól, from ala.
óru, from vera.
óx, óxu, from vaxa.

rak, ráku, from reka.
rakði, from rekja.
rann, from renna.
rauð, ruðu, from rjóða.
rauf, rufu, from rjúfa.
rauk, ruku, from rjúka.
raut, rutu, from rjóta.
réð, réðu, from ráða.
reið, riðinn, from ríða.
reif, rifinn, from rífa.
reis, risinn, from rísa.
reist, ristu, from rísta.
reit, ritinn, from ríta.
ro = ero, from vera.
roðinn, from rjóða.
rofinn, from rjúfa.
rokinn, from rjúka.
ruddi, rutt, from ryðja.
runninn, from renna.
rýð, ryði, from rjóða.
rýf, ryfi, from rjúfa.
rýk, ryki, from rjúka.
rœ, from róa.
ræð, from ráða.
röri, reri, from róa.

saddi, from seðja.
sagði, sagt, from segja.
samði, from semja.
sarð, from serða.
sat, sátu, from sitja.
sauð, from sjóða.
saug & só, from sjúga.
saung, from syngja.
saup, from súpa.
sá, sátt, from sjá.
sé, sér, sém, séð, from vera.
sé, séðu, sénn, from sjá.
séðu, from sýja.
sef, söf, from sofa.
seig & ség, sigu, from síga.
seri, söri, from sá.
setið, from sitja.
skaddi, from skeðja.
skal, skalt, from skulu.
skalf, from skjálfa.
skall, from skjalla.
skapði, from skepja.
skar, skáru, from skera.
skaut, from skjóta.
skef, from skafa.
skein, skinu, skininn, from skína.
skek, from skaka.
skekinn, from skaka.
skelf, from skjálfa.
skellr, from skjalla.
skorinn, from skera.
skotinn, from skjóta.
skóf, skófu, from skafa.
skók, from skaka.
skóp, from skapa.
skrapp, skruppu, skroppinn, from skreppa.
skreið, skriðu, from skríða.
skulfu, skolfið, from skjálfa.
skullu, skollið, from skjalla.
skutu, skyti, from skjóta.
skylði, from skulu.
skylli, from skjalla.
sködd, from skeðja.
slapp, sluppu, from sleppa.
slaung, slungu, from slöngva.
sleginn, from slá.
sleit, slitu, slitinn, from slíta.
sloppinn, from sleppa.
sló, slógu, from slá.
slæ, from slá.
small, from smella.
smaug, smó, smoginn, from smjúga.
smurði, from smyrja.
smýg, from smjúga.
snart, snurtu, snyrti, snortinn, from snerta.
sneið, sniðinn, from sníða.
sný, from snúa.
snöri, sneri, from snúa.
soðinn, from sjóða.
soginn, from sjúga.
sokkinn, from sökkva.
solginn, from svelgja.
sollinn, from svella.
soltinn, from svelta.
sopinn, from súpa.
sorðinn, from serða.
sorfinn, from sverfa.
sór, sóru, from sverja.
sótti, sótt, from sœkja.
spanði, from spenja.
spann, from spinna.
spjó, from spýja.
sprakk, sprungu, sprunginn, from springa.
spratt, spruttu, sprottinn, from spretta.
spunninn, from spinna.
spurði, spurt, from spyrja.
spönð, from spenja.
staðið, from standa.
stakk, from stinga.
stal, stálu, from stela.
steig, sté, stigu, from stíga.
stend, from standa.
stikk, from stinga.
stokkinn, from stökkva.
stolinn, from stela.
stóð, stóðu, from standa.
strauk, struku, strokinn, from strjúka.
studdi, stutt, from styðja.
stukku, from stökkva.
stunði, from stynja.
stœði, from standa.
stæli, from stela.
stödd, from steðja.
suðu, from sjóða.
sugu, from súga.
sukku, from sökkva.
sulgu, from svelgja.
sullu, from svella.
sultu, from svelta.
summu, from svimma.
sunginn, sungu, from syngja.
supu, sypi, from súpa.
surfu, from sverfa.
svaf, sváfu, svæfi, from sofa.
svalg, from svelgja.
svalt, from svelta.
svamm, from svimma.
svarf, surfu, from sverfa.
svarinn, from sverja.
sveið, sviðinn, from svíða.
sveik, sviku, from svíkja.
sykki, from sökkva.
sylgi, from svelgja.
sýð, syði, from sjóða.
sýg, sygi, from sjúga.
sýp, sypi, from súpa.
sœi, from sjá.
sœri, from sverja.
sæti, from sitja.
södd, from seðja.
söðr, from sýja.
sögð, from segja.
söri, from sá.

taddi, from teðja.
tafði, from tefja.
talði, from telja.
tamði, from temja.
té, téðr, from tjá.
trað, tráðu, træði, from troða.
treð, from troða.
trýði, from trúa.
trödd, from treðja.
tœki, from taka.
töfð, from tefja.
tögg, tugði, tugginn, from tyggja.
tölð, from telja.

ullu, from velta.
ultu, from velta.
umði, from ymja.
undu, undinn, from vinda.
unnu, unninn, from vinna.
urðu, from verða.
urpu, from verpa.
uxu, from vaxa.

vaf, from vefa.
vafði, from vefja.
vakði, from vekja.
valði, from velja.
vall, from vella.
valt, from velta.
vanði, from venja.
vann, from vinna.
var, váru, from vera.
varð, from verða.
varði, from verja.
varp, from verpa.
vatt, from vinda.
vá, vátt, vágu, from vega.
veð, from vaða.
veik, vikinn, from víkja.
veit, vitu, veizt, from vita.
veld, from valda.
vex, from vaxa.
viðr = vinnr, from vinna.
vittu, from vinda.
voldi, from valda.
væri, from vera.
vöfð, from vefja.
vökð, from vekja.
vönd, from venja.

yggi, from ugga.
yki, from auka.
ylli, from valda.
ylti, from velta.
ynði, from una.
yndi, from vinda.
ynni, from unna & vinna.
yrði, from verða.
yrpi, from verpa.
yxi, from vaxa.

þagði, from þegja.
þakði, from þekja.
þanði, from þenja.
þarf, þarft, from þurfa.
þaut, from þjóta.
þá, þágu, from þiggja.
þorrinn, from þverra.
þotinn, from þjóta.
þó, þógu, from þvá.
þótti, þótt, from þykkja.
þraut, þrotinn, from þrjóta.
þreif, þrifu, from þrífa.
þrýt, from þrjóta.
þulði, from þylja.
þurru, from þverra.
þusti, from þysja.
þvarr, þurru, þyrri, þorrinn, from þverra.
þveginn, from þvá.
þvæ, from þvá.
þylði, þölði, from þola.
þyrði, þörði, from þora.
þyrfti, from þurfa.
þyrri, from þverra.
þyti, from þjóta.
þýt, from þjóta.
þægi, from þiggja.
þœtti, from þykkja.
þökð, from þekja.
þönd, from þenja.

œði, from vaða.
œki, from aka.
œli, from ala.
æti, from eta.
ætti, from eiga.

örðu, from erja.
öttu, from etja.

́ttu = áttu, from eiga.
́tu = átu, from eta.

Verbal forms; Nominal forms: A, B, D, E, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, O, R, S, T, V, Y, Þ, Æ Ö ́

lI. Nominal Forms.

aðrir, from annarr, other.
Agli, from Egill.
agnar, from ögn, chaff.
aldar, from öld, age.
alnar, from öln or alin, ell.
andar, from önd, breath, duck.
annar, from önn, labour.
arðar, from örð, tilling.
arkar, from örk, chest.
arnar, from örn, eagle.
aspar, from ösp, asp.
aungan, aungva, etc., from eingi, none.
aurar, from eyrir, ounce.
axar, from öx, axe.
axlar, from öxl, shoulder.
á & ána, from á, river.
á, from ær, ewe.
ár, from á, river.

ballar, from böllr, ball.
barkar, from börkr, bark.
beggja, from báðir, both.
birni, bjarnar, from björn, bear.
bjargar, from björg, help.
björg, from bjarg, rock.
björt, from bjartr, bright.
blátt, from blár, blue.
blint, from blindr, blind.
blöð, from blað, blade, leaf.
botz, from botn, bottom.
breitt, from breiðr, broad.
brýnn, from brún, brow.
brýr, from brú, bridge.
brœðr, from bróðir, brother.
brœkr, from brók, breeches.
brögð, from bragð, exploit.
brött, from brattr, steep.
búendr, from búandi, franklin.
bæði, from báðir, both.
bœgi, from bógr, bow.
bœjar, býjar, from bœr, býr, town.
bœkr, from bók, book.
bælki, from bálkr, bulk, partition.
bœndr, from bóndi, franklin.
bœtr, from bót, remedy.
bök, from bak, back.
bönd, from band, bond.
börð, from barð, brim.
börn, from barn, bairn, child.

degi, from dagr, day.
djörf, from djarfr, daring.
drætti, from dráttr, pulling.
dura, from dyrr, door.
dvalar, from dvöl, delay.
dýpri, from djúpr, deep.
dœtr, from dóttir, daughter.
dögum, from dagr, day.
dögurðr = dagverðr, dinner.
dölum, from dalr, dale.
Dönum, from Danir, Danes.
döpr, from dapr, dismal.

eitt, from einn, one.
elptr, from álpt, swan.
endr, from önd, duck.
erni, from örn, eagle.
eyjar, from ey, island.

fanna, from fönn, snow.
farar, from för, journey.
fátt, from fár, few.
feðr, from faðir, father.
fegri, fegrstr, from fagr, fair.
firði, from fjörðr, firth.
firri, firstr, from fjarr, far.
fjaðrar, from fjöðr, feather.
fjalar, from fjöl, deal.
fjarðar, from fjörðr, firth.
fjár, from fé, cattle.
fjögúr, from fjórir, four.
fjöll, from fjall, fell.
flatar, fleti, from flötr, flat.
flœr, from fló, flea.
flöt, from flatr, flat.
fremri, fremstr, from fram, forward.
frítt, from fríðr, handsome.
fyllri, fyllstr, from fullr, full.
færi, fæstr, from fár, few.
fœtr, from fótr, foot.
föður, from faðir, father.
fögnuðr = fagnaðr, joy.
fögr, from fagr, fair.
föll, from fall, fall.
för, from far, footprint.
föst, from fastr, firm.
föt, from fat, garment.

galtar, gelti, from göltr, hog.
garnir, from görn, gut.
gjafar, from gjöf, gift.
gjarðar, from gjörð, girdle.
gjöld, from gjald, payment.
gjörn, from gjarn, willing.
glatt, from glaðr, glad.
glœðr, from glóð, embers.
glöð, from glaðr, glad.
gott, from góðr, good.
grafar, from gröf, grave.
graftar, grefti, from gröftr, digging.
grátt, from grár, gray.
grynnri, grynnstr, from grunnr, shallow.
grös, from gras, grass.
gæss, from gás, goose.
gömul, from gamall, old.
götu, from gata, path.

Haðar, Heði, from Höðr.
hafnar, from höfn, haven.
hallar, from höll, hall.
handar, from hönd, hand.
Harðar, Herði, from Hörðr.
hattar, hetti, from höttr, hood.
hátt, from hár, high.
heilög, from heilagr, holy.
helgan, helgari, from heilagr, holy.
hendi, hendr, from hönd, hand.
himni, from himinn, heaven.
hirti, from hjortr, hart.
hitt, from hinn, the.
hjarðar, from hjörð, herd.
hjörtu, from hjarta, heart.
hlýtt, from hlýr, warm.
hnötr, hnetr, from hnot, nut.
hrátt, from hrár, raw.
hundruð, from hundrað, hundred.
hvannar, from hvönn, angelica.
hvöss, from hvass, sharp.
hvöt, from hvatr, vigorous.
hæri, hæstr, from hár, high.
hætti, from háttr, mode.
höf, from haf, sea.
höfði, from höfuð, head.
hög, from hagr, handy.
höll, from hallr, slant.
holt, from haltr, lame.
höpt, from hapt, bond.
hörð, from harðr, hard.

jarðar, from jörð, earth.
jöfn, jömn, from jafn, jamn, even.

karar, from kör, bed of a bedridden person.
kastar, ketti, from köstr, pile.
katli, from ketill, kettle.
kattar, ketti, from köttr, cat.
kili, from kjölr, keel.
kljá, from klé, weaver’s weight.
knarrar, knerri, from knörr, ship.
knjá, knjám, from kné, knee.
kramar, from kröm, wasting sickness.
kú, from kýr, cow.
kvalar, from kvöl, torment.
kvenna, from kona, woman.
köku, from kaka, cake.
köld, from kaldr, cold.
köll, from kall, call.
kölluð, from kallaðr, called.

laðar, from löð, bidding.
laga, from lög, law.
lagar, legi, from lögr, water.
lanz, from land, land.
lasta, lesti, from löstr, fault.
látum, from læti, manners.
leitt, from leiðr, loathed.
lítið, from lítill, little.
ljá, from lé, scythe.
lukli, from lykill, key.
lýss, from lús, louse.
lægri, lægstr, from lágr, low.
lœr, from ló, lark.
lömb, from lamb, lamb.
lönd, from land, land.
löng, from langr, long.

magar, megi, from mögr, son.
malar, from möl, gravel.
manar, from mön, mane.
manna, manni, mannr, from maðr, man.
marðar, merði, from mörðr, marten.
markar, from mörk, mark, march.
mart, from margr, many.
máttkan, from máttigr, mighty.
megri, from magr, meager.
menn, meðr, from maðr, man.
merkr, from mörk, mark.
mey, meyjar, from mær, maid.
miði, from mjöðr, mead.
mikit, from mikill, mickle, much.
mitt, from minn, mine.
mitt, from miðr, middle.
mjaðar, from mjöðr, mead.
mjallar, from mjöll, snow.
mjótt, from mjór, slim.
morni, from morginn, morning.
mómoðr = mánuðr, month.
muðr = munnr, mouth.
mykill = mikill, mickle, much.
mýss, from mús, mouse.
mœðr, from móðir, mother.
mætti, from máttr, might.
möðru, from maðra, madder (a plant used to make red dye).
mögn, from magn, might.
mögr, from magr, meagre.
mörg, from margr, many.
mörk, from mark, march, border.
m́l, from mál, speech.

nasar, from nös, nostril.
nánari, from náinn, near.
náttar, from nótt, night.
negl, from nagl, nail.
Nirði, Njarðar, from Njörðr.
nýtt, from nýr, new.
nætr, from nótt, night.
nœtr, from nót, net.
nöfn, nömn, from nafn, namn, name.
nörðri, nerðri, = nyrðri, more north.

orz, from orð, word.
ótt, from óðr, enraged.

raðar, from röð, row, series.
raddar, from rödd, voice.
randar, from rönd, stripe.
rastar, from röst, mile.
rótt, from rór, resting.
rœr, from ró, nail.
rœtr, from rót, root.
röm, from rammr, strong, bitter.
röng, from rangr, wrong.
rönn, from rann, house.
r́ = rá, nook, yard.

saðr = sannr, sooth.
sagar, from sög, saw, (to saw.)
sagnar, from sögn, saw, (to say.)
sakar, from sök, sake.
sannz, from sandr, sand.
satt, from sannr, sooth.
sitt, from sinn, sooth.
sítt, from síðr, long.
skátt, from skár, open.
skemri, skemstr, = skammr, short.
skildi, from skjöldr, shield.
skúar, from skór, shoe.
skömm, from skammr, short.
sköpt, from skapt, shaft, handle.
sköpuð, from skapaðr, shaped.
skörð, from skarð, cleft.
slætt, from slær, blunt.
slætti, from sláttr, smiting.
smæri, smæstr, from smár, small.
snær = snjór, snow.
spalar, speli, from spölr, rail.
spjöld, from spjald, tablet.
spjöll, from spjall, spell.
spæni, from spánn, chip.
spök, from spakr, wise.
stangar, stengr, from stöng, pole.
steðja, from steði, stithy, anvil.
strandar, strendr, from strönd, strand.
styttri, styztr, from stuttr, short.
stœri, stœrstr, from stórr, great.
stöðr, steðr, from stoð, pillar.
sumur, from sumar, summer.
sú, from sá, that.
sú, from sýr, sow.
svarðar, sverði, from svörðr, sword.
sveppi, from svöppr, mushroom.
sviðr = svinnr, wise.
svör, from svar, answer.
syni, søni, from sonr, son.
sætt, from sær, seeing.
sævar, from sær, sea.
sögu, from saga, story.
sölt, from saltr, salt.
sölu, from sala, sale.
söm, from samr, same.
sönn, from sannr, true.
söx, from sax, sword.
s́r = sár, sore, wound.

tafar, from töf, delay.
tangar, from töng, tongs.
tennr, teðr, tanna, from tönn, tooth.
tjarnar, from tjörn, tarn.
traðar, from tröð, enclosure.
trjá, trjám, from tré, tree.
trútt, from trúr, true.
tugli, from tygill, strap.
tveggja, from tveir, two.
tvær, tvá, tvau, from tveir, two.
tær, from tá, toe.
töðu, from taða, hay.
töfl, from tafl, same.
tölu, from tala, speech, tale.
töluð, from talaðr, told, spoken.
töm, from tamr, tame.
töpuð, from tapaðr, lost.
tösku, from taska, bag.
t́r = tár, tears.

vakar, from vök, hole.
valar, veli, from völr, stick.
vallar, velli, from völlr, field.
vambar, from vömb, womb.
vamma, from vömm, fault.
vandar, vendi, from vöndr, wand.
vant, from vandr, difficult.
varðar, verði, from vörðr, ward.
varnar, from vörn, defence.
varrar, from vörr, lip.
varrar, verri, from vörr, pull.
vattar, vetti, from vöttr, glove.
vatz, from vatn, water.
vaxtar, vexti, from vöxtr, growth.
vánd, from vándr, bad.
veraldar, from veröld, world.
vesöl, from vesall, wretched.
vilja, from vili, will.
vinz, from vindr, wind.
vítt, from víðr, wide.
vöð, from vað, ford.
vöknuð, from vaknaðr, awake.
vöku, from vaka, waking.
vold, from vald, power.
völu, from vala, knuckle.
vön, from vanr, want.
vond, from vandr, difficult.
vör, from varr, ware.
vörðu, from varða, beacon.
vörm, from varmr, warm.
vörtu, from varta, wart.
vöru, from vara, wares.
vösk, from vaskr, valiant.
vötn, from vatn, water.
v́n = ván, hope.
v́pn = vápn, weapon.

yngri, yngstr, from ungr, young.
yxn, from uxi, ox.

pagnar, from þögn, silence.
þakkar, from þökk, thanks.
þau, þær, from þeir, they.
þelli, from þollr, young fir.
þitt, from þinn, thine.
þramar, þremi, from þrömr, rim, border.
þrastar, þresti, from þröstr, thrush.
þriggja, from þrír, three.
þrjár, þrjú, from þrír, three.
þræði, from þráðr, thread.
þvætti, from þváttr, wash.
þyngri, þyngstr, from þungr, heavy.
þynnri, þynnstr, from þunnr, thin.
þætti, from þáttr, strand.
þök, from þak, thatch.

ærir, from árr, messenger.
æsir, from áss, god.

öðli, from óðal, property.
öðrum, from annarr, other.
öðu, from aða, shell.
öfl, from afl, strength.
ögn, from agn, bait.
ökrum, from akr, acre.
öldruð, from aldraðr, aged.
öldrum, from aldr, eld, age.
öldur, from alda, wave.
ömmu, from amma, grandmother.
önduð, from andaðr, dear.
öndurðr = öndverðr, opposed.
öngan, öngir, from einginn, none.
önnur, from annarr, other.
öpnum, from aptan, evening.
örðla, örðlum, from óðal, property.
örg, from argr, mean.
örm, from armr, poor.
örmum, from armr, arm.
örnum, from arinn, hearth.
örvar, from ör, arrow.
ösku, from aska, ashes.
ösnu, from asna, she-ass.
ötul, from atall, dire.
öx, from ax, ear of corn.

́ = á, river.
́ = á, from ær, ewe.
́l = ál, strap.
́r = ár, oar.
́r = ár, years.
́rr = árr, messenger.
́ss = áss, god.
́st = ást, love.